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Publication
Nutritional interventions in frailty in older adults: a review of the literature
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC_35229 | 402.01 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, verificou-se um aumento da população idosa e da prevalência da fragilidade, condição geriátrica caracterizada pelo aumento da vulnerabilidade e incapacidade de responder a factores de stress. Embora não exista definição universal de fragilidade, a mais utilizada é o fenótipo de fragilidade definido por Fried et al. (2001). Sendo uma condição reversível, um de seus fatores modificáveis é a alimentação.
O objetivo desta revisão da literatura é analisar informação relativa ao papel da nutrição na prevenção e tratamento da fragilidade em idosos residentes na comunidade, institucionalizados e hospitalizados.
A pesquisa foi realizada no PubMed, Google Scholar e incluiram-se 70 artigos científicos publicados entre 2001 e 2020.
Em idosos a residir na comunidade, a Dieta Mediterrânea, a fortificação de alimentos, a suplementação e as intervenções multidisciplinares são estratégias importantes para a prevenção e o tratamento da fragilidade. No que diz respeito aos idosos institucionalizados e hospitalizados, o reforço de refeições com alimentos fortificados, a suplementação e as intervenções nutricionais individualizadas e ajustadas às necessidades juntamente com a prática de atividade física são estratégias eficazes para prevenir e tratar a fragilidade nessa população.
Em conclusão, as intervenções nutricionais para a prevenção e tratamento da fragilidade são essenciais. Existem diferentes abordagens em idosos, independentemente do enquadramento. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos que suportem a elaboração de recomendações específicas.
In recent years there has been an increase in elderly population and frailty which is a geriatric condition characterized by increased vulnerability and an inability to respond to stressors. Although there is no universal definition of frailty, the most used is the frailty phenotype defined by Fried et al. (2001). Since it is a reversible condition, one of its modifiable factors is food. The aim of this literary review is to analyse the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of frailty in community-dwelling, institutionalized and hospitalized older adults. Thus, a literary research was carried out at PubMed, Google Scholar and through a “snowball” research that included 70 scientific articles published between 2001 and 2020. In community-dwelling old individuals, Mediterranean Diet, food fortification, supplementation and multidisciplinary interventions are important strategies for the prevention and treatment of frailty. Regarding institutionalized and hospitalized elderly, the low nutritional quality of meals and the lack of appetite characteristic of this population leads to protein-energy malnutrition. The reinforcement of meals with fortified foods, supplementation and individualized nutritional interventions that are appropriate to the needs together with the practice of physical activity are effective strategies to prevent and treat frailty in this population. In conclusion, nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of frailty are essential. There are different approaches in older adults depending on the setting. Further studies are needed in order to establish specific recommendations.
In recent years there has been an increase in elderly population and frailty which is a geriatric condition characterized by increased vulnerability and an inability to respond to stressors. Although there is no universal definition of frailty, the most used is the frailty phenotype defined by Fried et al. (2001). Since it is a reversible condition, one of its modifiable factors is food. The aim of this literary review is to analyse the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of frailty in community-dwelling, institutionalized and hospitalized older adults. Thus, a literary research was carried out at PubMed, Google Scholar and through a “snowball” research that included 70 scientific articles published between 2001 and 2020. In community-dwelling old individuals, Mediterranean Diet, food fortification, supplementation and multidisciplinary interventions are important strategies for the prevention and treatment of frailty. Regarding institutionalized and hospitalized elderly, the low nutritional quality of meals and the lack of appetite characteristic of this population leads to protein-energy malnutrition. The reinforcement of meals with fortified foods, supplementation and individualized nutritional interventions that are appropriate to the needs together with the practice of physical activity are effective strategies to prevent and treat frailty in this population. In conclusion, nutritional interventions for the prevention and treatment of frailty are essential. There are different approaches in older adults depending on the setting. Further studies are needed in order to establish specific recommendations.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Fragilidade Intervenções nutricionais Idosos Prevenção Tratamento Frailty Nutritional interventions Older adults Prevention Treatment