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O poder local e a organização política e administrativa do Estado português: evolução no regime político democrático vigente
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Abstract(s)
A dissertação tem como tema central o poder local em Portugal, no período compreendido entre a instauração da democracia e a atualidade, assentando nos seguintes temas: modelo de organização política e administrativa do Estado; regiões administrativas e autarquias locais (ordenamento do território); administração pública local (governança, democracia local e políticas públicas).
A dissertação expande o papel do poder local e da administração local no desenvolvimento do território e das populações locais: governação da administração pública autárquica; autonomia local e a descentralização política e administrativa; responsabilidade política e administrativa dos órgãos do poder local; regiões administrativas e autarquias locais no ordenamento do território, com uma abordagem às regiões e ao processo de referendo realizado em 1998; autoridades territoriais e as divisões administrativas; reforma do território e da legislação autárquica; administração pública local, com enfoque na governança da ‘coisa pública’, nos instrumentos afetos à democracia local e nas políticas públicas e seu impacto. Assim, produz-se um enquadramento sobre o papel das autarquias locais, não só na organização política e administrativa do território nacional, como na própria evolução estrutural (regional e local).
Paralelamente, a dissertação é conduzida numa estratégia de recensão dos instrumentos legais e doutrinais e da recolha de vária teoria temática publicada. Há uma dicotomia que permanece na ‘ordem do dia’ e no debate político e institucional. O poder central (Estado) concentra políticas, meios e recursos, permanentemente contestados pelas populações e os eleitos locais. Estes reivindicam mais autonomia, descentralização e transferência de meios e recursos que proporcionem mais desenvolvimento e uma melhor coesão social e territorial, com fundamento na proximidade das autarquias locais aos cidadãos e no melhor conhecimento dos seus problemas e necessidades.
A recente “Reforma da Administração Local” (RAL) de 2013 (contestada por muitos eleitos locais e algumas forças políticas), trouxe alterações significativas na definição do território (das freguesias) e no regime jurídico e financeiro das autarquias. Esta questão é tratada, tendo de ser enquadrada na intervenção externa a que o país foi sujeito (ajustamento económico e financeiro) a partir de 2011 e perante o impacto observado na autonomia e organização do poder local.
The dissertation focuses on organisation of local power in Portugal. The approach is based on the establishment of the democratic regime (in 1974) and contemporaneity, and addresses the following topics: the Portuguese model of political and administrative organisation; administrative regions and local authorities (territorial planning); local public administration (governance, local democracy and public policies). The dissertation follows several aspects that identify the role of local power and local administration as determinants to development of the territory and of local populations: the governance of local public administration; local autonomy and political and administrative decentralisation; political and administrative responsibility of local authorities; administrative regions and local authorities in the territorial planning function, with a focus on the regions and the referendum process carried out in 1998; territorial authorities and administrative divisions; the reform of the territory and local legislation; local public administration, with an emphasis on local governance, the instruments that affect local democracy and public policies and their impact. The outcome is a framework on the role of local authorities, not only in the political and administrative organisation of the territory, but also in the structural (regional and local) evolution itself. At the same time, the dissertation reviews legal instruments and the appropriate literature. There is a crucial in the political and institutional debate. The central power concentrates policies, means and resources, which is permanently contested by populations and local elected representatives. The former ask more autonomy, decentralisation and the transfer of resources that provide more development and better social and territorial cohesion, based on the proximity of local authorities to citizens and better knowledge of their problems and needs. The recent "Local Administration Reform" (RAL) of 2013 (contested by many local elected officials and some political parties) has brought significant changes in the definition of the territory (of the parishes) and in the legal and financial regime of local authorities. This issue is addressed bearing in mind the external assistance the country faced (economic and financial adjustment) from 2011 onwards and in view of the impact observed in the autonomy and organisation of local power.
The dissertation focuses on organisation of local power in Portugal. The approach is based on the establishment of the democratic regime (in 1974) and contemporaneity, and addresses the following topics: the Portuguese model of political and administrative organisation; administrative regions and local authorities (territorial planning); local public administration (governance, local democracy and public policies). The dissertation follows several aspects that identify the role of local power and local administration as determinants to development of the territory and of local populations: the governance of local public administration; local autonomy and political and administrative decentralisation; political and administrative responsibility of local authorities; administrative regions and local authorities in the territorial planning function, with a focus on the regions and the referendum process carried out in 1998; territorial authorities and administrative divisions; the reform of the territory and local legislation; local public administration, with an emphasis on local governance, the instruments that affect local democracy and public policies and their impact. The outcome is a framework on the role of local authorities, not only in the political and administrative organisation of the territory, but also in the structural (regional and local) evolution itself. At the same time, the dissertation reviews legal instruments and the appropriate literature. There is a crucial in the political and institutional debate. The central power concentrates policies, means and resources, which is permanently contested by populations and local elected representatives. The former ask more autonomy, decentralisation and the transfer of resources that provide more development and better social and territorial cohesion, based on the proximity of local authorities to citizens and better knowledge of their problems and needs. The recent "Local Administration Reform" (RAL) of 2013 (contested by many local elected officials and some political parties) has brought significant changes in the definition of the territory (of the parishes) and in the legal and financial regime of local authorities. This issue is addressed bearing in mind the external assistance the country faced (economic and financial adjustment) from 2011 onwards and in view of the impact observed in the autonomy and organisation of local power.
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Keywords
Autarquias locais Autonomia local Regiões administrativas Eleitos locais Organização e administração Poder local Políticas públicas Reforma da administração local Local authorities Local autonomy Administrative regions Local representatives Local organisation and administration Local power Public policies Local administration reform