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O Rinovírus Humano é um vírus de pequena dimensão que pertence à família Picornaviridae, sendo conhecidos neste momento mais de 160 serótipos e 3 espécies (A, B e C). Este vírus caracteriza-se por ter elevado tropismo para as células epiteliais das vias aéreas e por isso é um dos principais responsáveis pelas infeções do trato respiratório superior e também inferior. Em indivíduos saudáveis uma infeção por Rinovírus não acarreta grandes complicações, no entanto em crianças, idosos, indivíduos imunocomprometidos ou com condições respiratórias crónicas pode ser fatal. Não existe até ao momento nenhum tratamento para além do sintomático, o que pode ser um problema nas infeções severas.
No presente estudo, a presença de Rinovírus nas narinas de voluntários saudáveis da Universidade Fernando Pessoa foi testada durante um ano e em simultâneo identificaram-se polimorfismos genéticos dos mesmos relacionados com o Sistema Imunitário (TOLLIP rs5743899, IL6 rs18000795, IL1B rs16944 e TNFA rs1800629), tipados por PCR-RFLP, que poderiam influenciar a infeção por Rinovírus.
Os resultados obtidos foram particularmente interessantes a nível dos genes TOLLIP e IL6. Verificou-se que o alelo G do TOLLIP aumenta a probabilidade de resultados negativos para Rinovírus ao longo de todo o ano, no entanto, ao avaliar indivíduos sem o alelo G do TOLLIP, verificou-se que há maior título viral em indivíduos que não possuem o alelo C do IL6.
Este estudo permitiu assim concluir que existem polimorfismos em pelo menos dois genes do Sistema Imunológico que influenciam a suscetibilidade à infeção por Rinovírus.
Human Rhinovirus is a small virus that belong to the family Picornaviridae with more than 160 serotypes and 3 species (A, B e C). This virus is characterized by an high tropism for the epithelial cells of the airways making it one the major causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In healthy individuals, a Rhinovirus infection doesn´t result in major complications, however in children, elders, immunocompromised individuals or those with chronic respiratory conditions can be fatal. There is as yet no treatment beyond the symptomatic which can be a problem for severe infection cases. In the present study, rhinovirus presence in the nostrils of healthy volunteers of Fernando Pessoa University was monthly tested for a year and correlated to Immune system related genetic polymorphisms (TOLLIP rs5743899, IL6 rs18000795, IL1B rs16944 e TNFA rs1800629), typed by PCR-RFLP. The results were particularly interesting for TOLLIP and IL6 genes. It was found that the G allele of TOLLIP increases the likelihood of year-long negative results for Rhinovirus. Additionally, when evaluating individuals without the TOLLIP G allele, viral titres were higher among individuals without the IL6 C allele. In conclusion, the present study identified two genetic polymorphisms that mediate the individual susceptibility to Rhinovirus infection.
Human Rhinovirus is a small virus that belong to the family Picornaviridae with more than 160 serotypes and 3 species (A, B e C). This virus is characterized by an high tropism for the epithelial cells of the airways making it one the major causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. In healthy individuals, a Rhinovirus infection doesn´t result in major complications, however in children, elders, immunocompromised individuals or those with chronic respiratory conditions can be fatal. There is as yet no treatment beyond the symptomatic which can be a problem for severe infection cases. In the present study, rhinovirus presence in the nostrils of healthy volunteers of Fernando Pessoa University was monthly tested for a year and correlated to Immune system related genetic polymorphisms (TOLLIP rs5743899, IL6 rs18000795, IL1B rs16944 e TNFA rs1800629), typed by PCR-RFLP. The results were particularly interesting for TOLLIP and IL6 genes. It was found that the G allele of TOLLIP increases the likelihood of year-long negative results for Rhinovirus. Additionally, when evaluating individuals without the TOLLIP G allele, viral titres were higher among individuals without the IL6 C allele. In conclusion, the present study identified two genetic polymorphisms that mediate the individual susceptibility to Rhinovirus infection.
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Keywords
Rinovírus Doenças respiratórias Polimorfismos Suscetibilidade viral Rhinovirus Respiratory diseases Polimorphisms Viral susceptibility