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Determinação médico-legal do dismorfismo sexual através da análise radiográfica da mandíbula numa população portuguesa: análise métrica
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A mandíbula é um osso ímpar da face que forma o maxilar inferior e se articula com o crânio na articulação temporomandibular. Devido à sua robustez, é particularmente útil em investigações antropológicas. Por esse motivo, a mandíbula pode ser utilizada como instrumento de identificação de um indivíduo em contextos arqueológicos e médico-legais, permitindo assim a estimativa da afinidade populacional, da idade ou do sexo. Além disso, a radiografia panorâmica proporciona uma visão global da mandíbula, permitindo a identificação de características mensuráveis para uma análise métrica mais detalhada.
Objetivo: Determinação da diagnose sexual, com recurso à análise de radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes adultos que recorreram à Clínica Pedagógica de Medicina Dentária da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Espera-se que através da análise radiográfica, seja possível obter informações úteis com potencial na identificação humana, assim como encontrar diferenças métricas que permitam realizar a diagnose de sexo.
Metodologia: O estudo consistirá na consulta de ficheiros clínicos do período compreendido entre os anos 2019-2024 para análise de dados sociodemográficos e análise métrica de radiografias panorâmicas. Para a realização das medidas lineares foram utilizados os seguintes pontos e medidas: largura bicondilar (Co-Co) – distância entre os pontos mais laterais dos dois côndilos mandibulares. Largura bigonial (Go-Go) – distância entre o ponto gonial do lado direito e do lado esquerdo da mandíbula.
Resultados: Foi constituída uma amostra de 400 radiografias panorâmicas, recolhidas nos ficheiros das Clínicas Pedagógicas de Medicina Dentária. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que as medidas apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre homens e mulheres para a largura bigonial, com um valor de p = 0,005, indicando um dismorfismo sexual claro nesta medida. Por outro lado, para a largura bicondilar, as diferenças entre os sexos não foram significativas, com p = 0,075, sugerindo que as variações nesta medida não são suficientemente marcadas para serem estatisticamente relevantes. Finalmente, foi observada uma forte correlação entre as distâncias bigonial e bicondilar, com um p < 0,001, confirmando que esta correlação é altamente significativa.
Conclusão: Os resultados confirmam que o dismorfismo sexual está presente para a largura bigonial, no entanto, para a largura bicondilar, não são suficientemente acentuados para serem considerados estatisticamente significativos. Foi confirmada a contribuição significativa para aplicações clínicas e forenses da estimativa do sexo a partir de distâncias mandibulares como as larguras bicondilar e bigonial. Apesar de certas limitações, as medições das distâncias bicondilar e bigonial revelam-se ferramentas valiosas na identificação do sexo. Para aumentar a eficácia e a generalização destes métodos, investigações futuras devem centrar-se na inclusão de populações mais diversificadas, na integração de medições adicionais e na utilização de tecnologias avançadas. Estes esforços permitirão aperfeiçoar as abordagens atuais e melhorar a sua aplicação numa variedade de contextos.
Introduction: The mandible is an odd bone of the face that forms the lower jaw and articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Due to its robustness, it is particularly useful in anthropological investigations. In fact, the mandible can be used as a tool for identifying an individual in archaeological and forensic contexts, thus enabling the estimation of population affinity, age at death or gender. In addition, panoramic radiography provides a global view of the mandible, allowing the identification of measurable characteristics for a more detailed metric analysis. Objective: Using panoramic radiographs of adult patients to determine gender and the feasibility of this study in the future. It is hoped that through radiographic analysis, it will be possible to obtain useful information with potential in human identification, as well as finding metric differences that allow gender diagnosis to be made. Methodology: The study will consist of metric analysis of panoramic radiographs of patients over the age of 18 during the five-year study period (2019-2024). The following points and measurements were used for the linear measurements: Bicondylar breadth (Co-Co) – distance between the most lateral points of the two mandibular condyles. Bigonial breadth (Go-Go) – distance between the gonion point on the right and left sides of the mandible. Results: A sample of 400 panoramic radiographs was taken from the files of the Dental Medicine Pedagogical Clinics (CPMD - UFP). The statistical analyses showed that the measurements showed statistically significant differences between men and women for the bigonial breadth, with a value of p = 0.005, indicating a clear sexual dysmorphism in this measurement. On the other hand, for the bicondylar breadth the differences between the sexes were not significant, with p = 0.075, suggesting that the variations in this measure are not marked enough to be statistically relevant. Finally, a strong correlation was observed between the bigonial and bicondylar distances, with a p < 0.001, confirming that this correlation is highly significant. Conclusion: The results confirm that sexual dysmorphism is present for bigonial breadth, while for bicondylar breadth, the differences between men and women are not marked enough to be considered statistically significant. The significant contribution to clinical and forensic applications of estimating sex from mandibular distances such as bicondylar and bigonial breadth was confirmed. Despite certain limitations, measurements of bicondylar and bigonial distances are proving to be valuable tools in identifying sex. To increase the effectiveness and generalizability of these methods, future research should focus on including more diverse populations, integrating additional measurements and using advanced technologies. These efforts will make it possible to refine approaches and improve their application in a variety of contexts.
Introduction: The mandible is an odd bone of the face that forms the lower jaw and articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Due to its robustness, it is particularly useful in anthropological investigations. In fact, the mandible can be used as a tool for identifying an individual in archaeological and forensic contexts, thus enabling the estimation of population affinity, age at death or gender. In addition, panoramic radiography provides a global view of the mandible, allowing the identification of measurable characteristics for a more detailed metric analysis. Objective: Using panoramic radiographs of adult patients to determine gender and the feasibility of this study in the future. It is hoped that through radiographic analysis, it will be possible to obtain useful information with potential in human identification, as well as finding metric differences that allow gender diagnosis to be made. Methodology: The study will consist of metric analysis of panoramic radiographs of patients over the age of 18 during the five-year study period (2019-2024). The following points and measurements were used for the linear measurements: Bicondylar breadth (Co-Co) – distance between the most lateral points of the two mandibular condyles. Bigonial breadth (Go-Go) – distance between the gonion point on the right and left sides of the mandible. Results: A sample of 400 panoramic radiographs was taken from the files of the Dental Medicine Pedagogical Clinics (CPMD - UFP). The statistical analyses showed that the measurements showed statistically significant differences between men and women for the bigonial breadth, with a value of p = 0.005, indicating a clear sexual dysmorphism in this measurement. On the other hand, for the bicondylar breadth the differences between the sexes were not significant, with p = 0.075, suggesting that the variations in this measure are not marked enough to be statistically relevant. Finally, a strong correlation was observed between the bigonial and bicondylar distances, with a p < 0.001, confirming that this correlation is highly significant. Conclusion: The results confirm that sexual dysmorphism is present for bigonial breadth, while for bicondylar breadth, the differences between men and women are not marked enough to be considered statistically significant. The significant contribution to clinical and forensic applications of estimating sex from mandibular distances such as bicondylar and bigonial breadth was confirmed. Despite certain limitations, measurements of bicondylar and bigonial distances are proving to be valuable tools in identifying sex. To increase the effectiveness and generalizability of these methods, future research should focus on including more diverse populations, integrating additional measurements and using advanced technologies. These efforts will make it possible to refine approaches and improve their application in a variety of contexts.
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Keywords
Medicina dentária forense Antropologia forense Determinação do sexo Radiografia panorâmica Medidas lineares mandibulares Antropometria Forensic dentistry Forensic anthropology Sex determination Panoramic radiography Linear mandibular measurements Anthropometry