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Adesão dos idosos à vacinação contra o vírus da gripe
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| 29866 | 1.38 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito da Licenciatura de Enfermagem da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e surge como o final dum processo de aprendizagem, que visa a obtenção do grau de licenciado em Enfermagem.
O tema do estudo é “Adesão dos utentes idosos à vacinação contra o vírus da gripe”.
A escolha deste tema deve-se ao interesse do aluno pelo trabalho nos cuidados de saúde primários, onde realizou alguns Ensinos Clínicos e teve oportunidade de verificar que os idosos não têm a iniciativa de se vacinar contra a gripe, dependendo muito do conselho dos profissionais de saúde para o fazerem.
A vacinação reduz a gravidade da gripe e das suas complicações até 60% e a mortalidade até 80%. Em Portugal, a Direcção Geral de Saúde e a Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia recomendam a sua administração a todos os indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais.
A gripe apresenta-se, na maior parte das vezes, sob a forma epidémica afetando milhões de pessoas por ano, das quais cerca de um milhão desenvolvem pneumonias que podem levar à hospitalização e morte. Durante as epidemias de gripe, cerca de 5 a 15% da população é afetada por infeções respiratórias.
A única forma realmente eficaz de proteção contra esta patologia reside na vacinação.
Atualmente existe um aumento significativo da população idosa e a suscetibilidade de doenças infeciosas e a forma mais eficaz de prevenir isso é a vacinação.
Foi definida a seguinte questão de partida “ quais os fatores relevantes para os idosos na decisão de vacinar contra a gripe?” tendo sido opção efetuar um estudo exploratório e descritivo com metodologia quantitativa.
O instrumento de colheita de dados usado foi o questionário elaborado pelo investigador e a população deste estudo foram os utentes idosos da Unidade de Saúde Familiar do Lidador- Maia, num total de 14609 sendo que a amostra foi constituída por 50 utentes, inscritos na unidade de saúde. A colheita de dados foi realizada durante o mês de Julho de 2018.
Os resultados obtidos com a presente amostra permitem-nos dizer que a maioria dos idosos (62%), se vacinou contra a gripe e que os factores mais decisivos na adesão à vacinação são os ensinos e o parecer dos enfermeiros bem como a gratuitidade da vacina.
Consideramos importante haver um melhor esclarecimento dos profissionais de saúde de estratégias em relação à vacina e seus efeitos colaterais, um reforço das convocatórias por carta o que conduzirá a uma maior aceitação da vacina contra o vírus e maior adesão dos idosos que assim adquirem imunidade contra o vírus da gripe, contribuindo para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos.
The present work was accomplished within the scope nursing degree in university of Fernando Pessoa, and it appears as a final process of learning, which aims to degree in Nursing. The theme of the study is "Adherence of elderly users to vaccination against influenza virus". The theme of this study is “accession of the elderly users to the vaccination against the flu virus”. The choice of this the is due to the interest of the student for his work in primary health care, which he accomplishment some clinic studies and had the opportunities to realized that elderly people has no iniciative to the vaccine against the flu, depending a lot on the advice of health professional to do it. Vaccination reduces the gravity of the flu and their complications up to 60% (sixty percent) an the mortality up to 80% (eighty percent). In Portugal, the general direction of health and the Portuguese society of Pneumology recommend the administration of all the individuals with 65 (sixty-five) years old on more. The flu appears in the most part of the time, under the epidemic form affecting millions of people per year, of which one million develop pneumonia that can lead to hospitalization and death. During flu epidemics, close to 5 (five) to 15% (fifteen) percent of the population is affected with respiration infections. The only effective way to protect against this pathology reside on vaccination. Nowadays exists a significant increase of the elderly population and their sustainability of infection diseases and the most their sustainability of infection diseases and the most effective was to protect is vaccination. It was define the follow question “what are the relevant factors the elderly people on the decision of vaccination against the flu?” It has been a option to make a explorative and descriptive study with quantitative methodology. The instrument of data collection was a questionary elaborated by investigation and the population of this study were elderly users of the family health unit of Lidador-Maia, in total 14609 (fourteen thousand-sixty hundred and nine) users being that the sample was constituted by 50 (fifty) users enrolled in health unit. The data collection was realized during the month of July in 2018. The results achieved with the present sample allows us to tell that most of the elderly people 62% (sixty-two percent), was vaccinated against the flu and most decisive factors in the adhesion of the vaccination were the teachings and the opinion of the nurses, as well as the free vaccines. We consider important to have a better clarification of the strategies for health professionals regarding vaccination and the side-affects, a reinforcement of the convocation by letter which lead to a better acceptance of the vaccination against the virus and bigger increase of the adhesion of elderly people which acquire immunity against the flu virus, contributing to a better quality of life on elderly people.
The present work was accomplished within the scope nursing degree in university of Fernando Pessoa, and it appears as a final process of learning, which aims to degree in Nursing. The theme of the study is "Adherence of elderly users to vaccination against influenza virus". The theme of this study is “accession of the elderly users to the vaccination against the flu virus”. The choice of this the is due to the interest of the student for his work in primary health care, which he accomplishment some clinic studies and had the opportunities to realized that elderly people has no iniciative to the vaccine against the flu, depending a lot on the advice of health professional to do it. Vaccination reduces the gravity of the flu and their complications up to 60% (sixty percent) an the mortality up to 80% (eighty percent). In Portugal, the general direction of health and the Portuguese society of Pneumology recommend the administration of all the individuals with 65 (sixty-five) years old on more. The flu appears in the most part of the time, under the epidemic form affecting millions of people per year, of which one million develop pneumonia that can lead to hospitalization and death. During flu epidemics, close to 5 (five) to 15% (fifteen) percent of the population is affected with respiration infections. The only effective way to protect against this pathology reside on vaccination. Nowadays exists a significant increase of the elderly population and their sustainability of infection diseases and the most their sustainability of infection diseases and the most effective was to protect is vaccination. It was define the follow question “what are the relevant factors the elderly people on the decision of vaccination against the flu?” It has been a option to make a explorative and descriptive study with quantitative methodology. The instrument of data collection was a questionary elaborated by investigation and the population of this study were elderly users of the family health unit of Lidador-Maia, in total 14609 (fourteen thousand-sixty hundred and nine) users being that the sample was constituted by 50 (fifty) users enrolled in health unit. The data collection was realized during the month of July in 2018. The results achieved with the present sample allows us to tell that most of the elderly people 62% (sixty-two percent), was vaccinated against the flu and most decisive factors in the adhesion of the vaccination were the teachings and the opinion of the nurses, as well as the free vaccines. We consider important to have a better clarification of the strategies for health professionals regarding vaccination and the side-affects, a reinforcement of the convocation by letter which lead to a better acceptance of the vaccination against the virus and bigger increase of the adhesion of elderly people which acquire immunity against the flu virus, contributing to a better quality of life on elderly people.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Enfermagem
Keywords
Adesão Idosos Vacina da gripe Vírus Adhesion Elderly Flu vaccination Virus