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Perturbações do comportamento alimentar e saúde oral: revisão integrativa
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As perturbações do comportamento alimentar são consideradas doenças psiquiátricas que se caracterizam por excessos ou carências na ingestão alimentar, acompanhadas de distorções cognitivas e percetivas por parte dos indivíduos afetados. Diferentemente da obesidade, a anorexia nervosa e a bulimia nervosa são frequentemente ocultadas pelos próprios pacientes, o que torna o diagnóstico mais desafiador. Por isso, o papel dos profissionais de medicina dentária é crucial, uma vez que a cavidade oral é um dos principais órgãos impactados pelas alterações nos hábitos alimentares, bem como pelos métodos utilizados para alcançar o ideal de magreza. Com esta revisão Integrativa pretende-se analisar as manifestações orais e implicações clínicas das perturbações de comportamento alimentar. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados online de artigos científicos PubMed, ScienceDirect e Scopus, sendo considerados artigos publicados desde 2014 até 2024. A estratégia de pesquisa nas várias plataformas passou pela utilização da combinação das seguintes palavras-chave: (“eating disorder” OR “anorexia” OR “bulimia” OR “binge eating”) AND (“oral health” OR “oral manifestation” OR “oral cavity” OR “oral status”). Os estudos incluidos nesta revisão corresponderam aos critérios PECO predefinidos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos de caso-controle, coorte e transversais, publicados em inglês e português nos últimos 10 anos (2014-2024). Foram excluídos artigos que relatem outras doenças como o refluxo gastrointestinal, revisões de literatura e relatos de casos, opinião de especialistas e cartas de editor. Foram incluídos 16 estudos que relatavam várias manifestações orais, sendo que a maioria foi realizada com uma população feminina. A análise dos vários estudos demonstrou que certas manifestações orais apresentam uma associação com perturbações do comportamento alimentar, como é o caso da erosão dentária, fluxo salivar reduzido e alterações específicas da mucosa oral. No entanto, a cárie dentária, variações do valor do pH e saúde periodontal, apresentam um quadro mais complexo e, portanto, justificam uma investigação mais aprofundada. Desta forma, os resultados desta revisão destacam a natureza multifacetada do impacto das perturbações do comportamento alimentar na saúde oral e ressaltam a necessidade de pesquisas contínuas para entender completamente essas associações e informar práticas clínicas mais eficazes.
Eating disorders are considered psychiatric illnesses characterized by excessive or deficient food intake, accompanied by cognitive and perceptive distortions in the affected individuals. Unlike obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are often concealed by the patients themselves, making diagnosis more challenging. Therefore, the role of dental professionals is crucial, as the oral cavity is one of the main organs impacted by changes in eating habits, as well as by the methods used to achieve the ideal of thinness. This integrative review aims to analyze the oral manifestations and clinical implications of eating disorders. The research was carried out in the online databases of scientific articles PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, considering articles published from 2014 to 2024. The search strategy on the various platforms involved using the combination of the following keywords: (“eating disorder” OR “anorexia” OR “bulimia” OR “binge eating”) AND (“oral health” OR “oral manifestation” OR “oral cavity” OR “oral status”). The studies included in this review met the predefined PECO criteria. Inclusion criteria were: case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies, published in English and Portuguese in the last 10 years (2014-2024). Articles reporting other diseases such as gastrointestinal reflux, literature reviews and case reports, expert opinions and editor's letters were excluded. Sixteen studies were included that reported various oral manifestations, the majority of which were carried out with a female population. Analysis of various studies has shown that certain oral manifestations are associated with eating disorders, such as dental erosion, reduced salivary flow and specific changes in the oral mucosa. However, dental caries, variations in pH value and periodontal health present a more complex picture and therefore warrant further investigation. Thus, the results of this review highlight the multifaceted nature of the impact of eating disorders on oral health and underscore the need for continued research to fully understand these associations and inform more effective clinical practices.
Eating disorders are considered psychiatric illnesses characterized by excessive or deficient food intake, accompanied by cognitive and perceptive distortions in the affected individuals. Unlike obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are often concealed by the patients themselves, making diagnosis more challenging. Therefore, the role of dental professionals is crucial, as the oral cavity is one of the main organs impacted by changes in eating habits, as well as by the methods used to achieve the ideal of thinness. This integrative review aims to analyze the oral manifestations and clinical implications of eating disorders. The research was carried out in the online databases of scientific articles PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, considering articles published from 2014 to 2024. The search strategy on the various platforms involved using the combination of the following keywords: (“eating disorder” OR “anorexia” OR “bulimia” OR “binge eating”) AND (“oral health” OR “oral manifestation” OR “oral cavity” OR “oral status”). The studies included in this review met the predefined PECO criteria. Inclusion criteria were: case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies, published in English and Portuguese in the last 10 years (2014-2024). Articles reporting other diseases such as gastrointestinal reflux, literature reviews and case reports, expert opinions and editor's letters were excluded. Sixteen studies were included that reported various oral manifestations, the majority of which were carried out with a female population. Analysis of various studies has shown that certain oral manifestations are associated with eating disorders, such as dental erosion, reduced salivary flow and specific changes in the oral mucosa. However, dental caries, variations in pH value and periodontal health present a more complex picture and therefore warrant further investigation. Thus, the results of this review highlight the multifaceted nature of the impact of eating disorders on oral health and underscore the need for continued research to fully understand these associations and inform more effective clinical practices.
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Perturbações alimentares Anorexia Bulimia Saúde oral Complicações orais Medicina dentária Eating disorders Anorexy Bulimy Oral health Oral complications Dentistry
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