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A avaliação do estado nutricional, do desperdício alimentar e do nível de insegurança alimentar de indivíduos a receber apoio pelo Programa Operacional de Apoio às Pessoas Mais Carenciadas (PO APMC)
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Atualmente as desigualdades sociais têm sido apontadas como uma das principais causas da insegurança alimentar (IA), que por sua vez, apresenta repercussões consideráveis ao nível do estado nutricional e da saúde das populações. O Programa Operacional de Apoio às Pessoas Mais Carenciadas (PO APMC) visa o fornecimento de alimentos a fim de promover a sua segurança alimentar.
Objetivo: Avaliar as características sociodemográficas, relativas ao estilo de vida, à perceção do estado de saúde, ao desperdício alimentar e ao estado nutricional, associadas com o nível de IA, do representante dos agregados familiares a receber apoio alimentar pelo PO APMC no concelho de Gondomar.
População e Métodos: O estudo apresentado é relativo à primeira avaliação de um estudo longitudinal em curso. Os dados foram recolhidos entre Janeiro e Março de 2018 e incluem: dados sociodemográficos, do estilo de vida, auto-perceção do estado de saúde, indicadores antropométricos (peso, estatura, perímetro da cintura), força preensora da mão e questões relacionadas com o desperdício alimentar. Avaliou-se o nível de IA (segurança alimentar, IA leve, moderada ou grave) através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar.
Resultados: A amostra é constituída por 45 participantes (35 mulheres), com idades entre os 23 e os 72 anos e com média de idades igual a 49 (DP: 11) anos. Verificou-se que 41 (91,1%) participantes encontravam-se em situação de IA, distribuídos pelos diferentes níveis leve, moderada e grave (33,0%, 22,0%, 36,0%). De entre os indivíduos que apresentam IA, seja leve, moderada ou grave, uma maior proporção, 66,7%, encontra-se na categoria “desempregado”. A maior proporção de indivíduos desempregados, 28,9% encontra-se no nível “IA grave” (p=0,046). Uma maior proporção de indivíduos que reportam a ocorrência de desperdício alimentar, 70,0%, encontra-se no nível “IA moderada” (p=0,005). São os indivíduos deste nível que desperdiçam maior número de alimentos, mediana [distância interquartil (DIQ)] = 1 (1), p≤0,015. Uma maior proporção de indivíduos nos níveis “segurança alimentar”, “IA moderada” e “IA grave” apresentam risco muito aumentado de ter complicações cardiovasculares e metabólicas, 40,0%; uma maior proporção de indivíduos que se encontram no nível “IA leve”, apresentam risco aumentado de ter complicações cardiovasculares e metabólicas, 66,7% (p=0,038). As mulheres que se encontram no nível de “IA grave” apresentam valores médios de força preensora da mão inferiores às mulheres das outras categorias de IA: 15,1 (DIQ: 9,7) kgf versus ≥20,3 (DIQ: 3,3) kgf (p=0,004).
Conclusão: Verificou-se que uma elevada proporção dos beneficiários do PO APMC em Gondomar vivia em situação de IA, a maioria no nível grave. Verificou-se ainda que a situação de desemprego se associa a IA, assim como o desperdício alimentar. Para além disso, a maior proporção de indivíduos incluídos no estudo apresentava risco aumentado e muito aumentado de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas e as mulheres da categoria IA grave apresentavam menor força preensora da mão, o que poderá estar associada a pior estado funcional e nutricional.
Introduction: Social inequalities have been identified as one of the main causes of food insecurity (FI) nowadays. In turn, FI presents considerable repercussions on the nutritional and health statuses of the populations. The Operational Program to Support the Most Needed Persons (PO APMC - from Portuguese Programa Operacional de Apoio às Pessoas Mais Carenciadas) aims providing food, in order to promote food security. Objectives: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic, lifestyle, perception of health status, food waste and nutritional status characteristics, with the level of FI of the person that represents the households receiving food support from the PO APMC, in the municipality of Gondomar. Population and Methods: The present study corresponds to the first evaluation of an ongoing longitudinal study. Data were collected between January and March 2018 and included: sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, self-perception of health status, anthropometric indicators (weight, height, waist circumference), hand grip strength and food waste. The level of FI (food safety, light, moderate or severe FI) was evaluated with the "Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity". Results: The sample consisted of 45 participants (35 women), aged between 23 and 72 years and with a mean age of 49 (SD: 11) years. It was verified that 41 (91.1%) participants presented FI, distributed by the different mild, moderate and severe levels (33.0%, 22.0%, 36.0%). A higher proportion of individuals with FI, whether mild, moderate or severe, are in the "unemployed" category, 66.7%. The highest proportion of unemployed individuals, 28.9%, are in the "severe FI" level (p=0.046). A higher proportion of individuals reporting food waste, 70.0%, is in the "moderate FI" level (p=0.005). In fact, the participants in this level of FI were found to waste most food, median [interquartile distance (IQD)] = 1 (1), p=0.015. A higher proportion of individuals in "food safety", "moderate FI" and "severe FI" levels present a much higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Moreover, a higher proportion of individuals at the "light FI" level, 66.7%, are at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic complications (p = 0.038). Women who are at the "severe FI" level have mean values of hand grip strength lower than women in other categories of FI: 15.1 (IQD: 9.7) kgf versus ≥20.3 (IQD: 3.3) kgf (p = 0.004). Conclusion: A high proportion of the beneficiaries of the PO APMC in Gondomar presents FI, most of them at the severe level. It was also found that FI is associated with an unemployment situation, as well as with food waste. In addition, most of the subjects included in this study had a higher or much higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications, and women of the severe FI category presented lower hand grip strength, which may be associated with poorer functional and nutritional statuses.
Introduction: Social inequalities have been identified as one of the main causes of food insecurity (FI) nowadays. In turn, FI presents considerable repercussions on the nutritional and health statuses of the populations. The Operational Program to Support the Most Needed Persons (PO APMC - from Portuguese Programa Operacional de Apoio às Pessoas Mais Carenciadas) aims providing food, in order to promote food security. Objectives: To evaluate the association between sociodemographic, lifestyle, perception of health status, food waste and nutritional status characteristics, with the level of FI of the person that represents the households receiving food support from the PO APMC, in the municipality of Gondomar. Population and Methods: The present study corresponds to the first evaluation of an ongoing longitudinal study. Data were collected between January and March 2018 and included: sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, self-perception of health status, anthropometric indicators (weight, height, waist circumference), hand grip strength and food waste. The level of FI (food safety, light, moderate or severe FI) was evaluated with the "Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity". Results: The sample consisted of 45 participants (35 women), aged between 23 and 72 years and with a mean age of 49 (SD: 11) years. It was verified that 41 (91.1%) participants presented FI, distributed by the different mild, moderate and severe levels (33.0%, 22.0%, 36.0%). A higher proportion of individuals with FI, whether mild, moderate or severe, are in the "unemployed" category, 66.7%. The highest proportion of unemployed individuals, 28.9%, are in the "severe FI" level (p=0.046). A higher proportion of individuals reporting food waste, 70.0%, is in the "moderate FI" level (p=0.005). In fact, the participants in this level of FI were found to waste most food, median [interquartile distance (IQD)] = 1 (1), p=0.015. A higher proportion of individuals in "food safety", "moderate FI" and "severe FI" levels present a much higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Moreover, a higher proportion of individuals at the "light FI" level, 66.7%, are at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic complications (p = 0.038). Women who are at the "severe FI" level have mean values of hand grip strength lower than women in other categories of FI: 15.1 (IQD: 9.7) kgf versus ≥20.3 (IQD: 3.3) kgf (p = 0.004). Conclusion: A high proportion of the beneficiaries of the PO APMC in Gondomar presents FI, most of them at the severe level. It was also found that FI is associated with an unemployment situation, as well as with food waste. In addition, most of the subjects included in this study had a higher or much higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications, and women of the severe FI category presented lower hand grip strength, which may be associated with poorer functional and nutritional statuses.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Insegurança alimentar Programa Operacional de Apoio às Pessoas Mais Carenciadas Food insecurity Operational Program to Support the Most Needed Gondomar