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A gestão escolar na sinalização do aluno com suspeita de Perturbação de Hiperatividade/ Déficit de Atenção (PHDA)
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Abstract(s)
Esta pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Docência e Gestão da
Educação, na área de Administração Escolar e Administração Educacional da UFP. Neste
estudo foi abordada a problemática da sinalização de crianças com suspeita de
Perturbação de Hiperatividade/ Déficit de Atenção (PHDA) pela Escola e o diagnóstico
da perturbação realizado pelos profissionais da Saúde. Considerando as características e
a revisão da literatura, a criança com PHDA pode ser considerada um problema na
escola tanto por causa do déficit de atenção, que gera dificuldades de aprendizagem,
quanto por seu comportamento hiperativo e impulsivo, que gera dificuldades para o
professor em sala de aula e dificuldades relacionais dessa criança com a família, os
professores e os colegas, causando também problemas na autoestima da criança. Diante
desse quadro, observa-se no Brasil um aumento do diagnóstico de PHDA, com
conseqüente aumento da prescrição e consumo do medicamento Ritalina®
(Metilfenidato), configurando a prática de medicalização da infância.
Para responder aos objetivos da investigação realizou-se um estudo empírico,
com metodologia qualitativa, utilizando a técnica da entrevista. Este estudo foi realizado
com professores de duas escolas especializadas em educação infantil, e com
profissionais de saúde, que atuam em consultórios clínicos, do município de Colatina,
Espírito Santo, Brasil. Procurou-se conhecer, de forma mais aprofundada, o
conhecimento e a experiência que os docentes e os profissionais da saúde possuem com
relação à problemática da sinalização e do diagnóstico da PHDA e o seu papel neste
cenário.
Os resultados encontrados indicam que os professores preocupam-se em ajudar o
aluno que apresenta dificuldades na aprendizagem e comportamento sugestivo de
PHDA, porém devido ao pouco conhecimento que possuem a respeito da perturbação, a
sinalização realizada pela escola apresenta-se deficiente. Os profissionais de saúde,
entretanto, consideram que mesmo assim, a opinião da escola é fundamental para o
desenvolvimento do processo de diagnóstico e procuram trabalhar em parceria com a
escola durante esse processo e também durante o tratamento.
This research was carried out within the scope of the Master in Teaching and Management of Education, in the area of School Administration and Educational Administration of UFP. In this study, the problem of the referral of children suspected of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/ HD) and the diagnosis of disruption by health professionals was considered. Considering the characteristics and the literature review, the child with AD/ HD may be considered a problem in the school both because of attention deficit, which generates learning difficulties, and also of its hyperactive and impulsive behavior, which generates difficulties for the teacher in the classroom and relational difficulties of this child with the family, teachers and the classmates, also causing problems in child self-esteem. As consequence, there is in Brazil an increase in the diagnosis of AD/ HD, with a consequent increase in the prescription and consumption of the drug Ritalin® (Methylphenidate), configuring the practice of medicalization of childhood. In order to answer the research objetives, an empirical study was carried out, with a qualitative methodology, using the interview technique. This study was carried out with teachers from two schools specializing in early childhood education, and with health professionals who work in clinical practices in the city of Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. We sought to know, in a more detailed way, the knowledge and experience that teachers and health professionals have regarding the problem of signaling and diagnosis of the AD/ HD and its role in this scenario. The results indicate that the teachers are concerned with helping the student with learning difficulties and behavior suggestive of AD/ HD, but due to the lack of knowledge about the disorder, the signaling carried out by the school is deficient. Health professionals, however, consider that even so, school opinion is critical to the development of the diagnostic process and seek to work in partnership with the school during this process and also during treatment.
This research was carried out within the scope of the Master in Teaching and Management of Education, in the area of School Administration and Educational Administration of UFP. In this study, the problem of the referral of children suspected of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/ HD) and the diagnosis of disruption by health professionals was considered. Considering the characteristics and the literature review, the child with AD/ HD may be considered a problem in the school both because of attention deficit, which generates learning difficulties, and also of its hyperactive and impulsive behavior, which generates difficulties for the teacher in the classroom and relational difficulties of this child with the family, teachers and the classmates, also causing problems in child self-esteem. As consequence, there is in Brazil an increase in the diagnosis of AD/ HD, with a consequent increase in the prescription and consumption of the drug Ritalin® (Methylphenidate), configuring the practice of medicalization of childhood. In order to answer the research objetives, an empirical study was carried out, with a qualitative methodology, using the interview technique. This study was carried out with teachers from two schools specializing in early childhood education, and with health professionals who work in clinical practices in the city of Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. We sought to know, in a more detailed way, the knowledge and experience that teachers and health professionals have regarding the problem of signaling and diagnosis of the AD/ HD and its role in this scenario. The results indicate that the teachers are concerned with helping the student with learning difficulties and behavior suggestive of AD/ HD, but due to the lack of knowledge about the disorder, the signaling carried out by the school is deficient. Health professionals, however, consider that even so, school opinion is critical to the development of the diagnostic process and seek to work in partnership with the school during this process and also during treatment.
Description
Keywords
Perturbação de Hiperatividade/ Déficit de Atenção (PHDA) Sinalização e diagnóstico de PHDA Medicalização Educação Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/ HD) Referral and diagnosis of AD/ HD Medicalization Education