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Impacto dos cuidados de enfermagem na reabilitação do doente submetido a artroplastia total do joelho: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
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Objetivo: O objetivo principal do estudo é encontrar na literatura evidência do impacto dos cuidados de Enfermagem na reabilitação do doente submetido a Artroplastia Total do Joelho.
Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada no estudo enquadra-se numa revisão narrativa da qual resultou a análise de 4 artigos, que procuram dar resposta aos objetivos definidos.
Resultados: Foi encontrada evidência de predominância de Artroplastia Total do Joelho em doentes entre os 60 e os 70 anos; maior predisposição de realização no sexo feminino; em metade dos estudos, houve maior predominância de Artroplastia Total do Joelho à direita, e em outra metade à esquerda; as comorbilidades mais frequentes associadas à necessidade da intervenção foram a Hipertensão arterial, a dislipidemia e a doença osteoarticular; verificou-se um aumento da força muscular através das intervenções terapêuticas implementadas; diminuição do risco de queda no momento da alta, demonstrativas das boas práticas existentes no programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação; conhecimentos demonstrados no momento da alta por parte dos doentes em metade dos estudos, no que diz respeito às estratégias facilitadoras e preventivas de acidentes/complicações, nomeadamente sobre posicionamentos adequados, exercícios isométricos e isotónicos, importância da crioterapia, transferências, uso de auxiliares de marcha, treino de marcha, treino de subir e descer escadas e entrada e saída do carro; diminuição da dor ao longo do período perioperatório; melhoria da flexão e extensão do joelho operado no momento da alta; melhoria da realização das Atividades de vida diária e na independência dos doentes no momento da alta.
Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que as intervenções dos Enfermeiros assumem um papel imprescindível na Reabilitação dos pacientes submetidos a Artroplastia Total do Joelho.
Objective: The main objective of the study is to find evidence in the literature of the impact of nursing care on the rehabilitation of patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Methodology: The methodology used in the study is part of a narrative review that resulted in the analysis of 4 articles, which seek to meet the objectives defined. Results: Evidence of predominance of Total Knee Arthroplasty was found in patients between 60 and 70 years of age; greater predisposition to perform it in females; in half of the studies, there was a greater predominance of Total Knee Arthroplasty on the right, and in another half on the left; the most frequent comorbidities associated to the need for intervention were hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoarticular disease; there was an increase in muscle strength through the therapeutic interventions implemented; a decrease in the risk of falling at the time of discharge, demonstrating the good practices existing in the Rehabilitation Nursing programme; knowledge demonstrated at the time of discharge by patients in half of the studies, regarding facilitating and preventive strategies of accidents/complications, namely on adequate positioning, isometric and isotonic exercises, importance of cryotherapy, transfers, use of walking aids, gait training, training to go up and down stairs and getting in and out of the car; decrease of pain throughout the perioperative period; improvement of flexion and extension of the operated knee at the time of discharge; improvement of performance of daily life activities and independence of patients at the time of discharge. Conclusion: The results obtained allow us to affirm that the interventions of Nurses assume an essential role in the Rehabilitation of patients submitted to Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Objective: The main objective of the study is to find evidence in the literature of the impact of nursing care on the rehabilitation of patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty. Methodology: The methodology used in the study is part of a narrative review that resulted in the analysis of 4 articles, which seek to meet the objectives defined. Results: Evidence of predominance of Total Knee Arthroplasty was found in patients between 60 and 70 years of age; greater predisposition to perform it in females; in half of the studies, there was a greater predominance of Total Knee Arthroplasty on the right, and in another half on the left; the most frequent comorbidities associated to the need for intervention were hypertension, dyslipidemia and osteoarticular disease; there was an increase in muscle strength through the therapeutic interventions implemented; a decrease in the risk of falling at the time of discharge, demonstrating the good practices existing in the Rehabilitation Nursing programme; knowledge demonstrated at the time of discharge by patients in half of the studies, regarding facilitating and preventive strategies of accidents/complications, namely on adequate positioning, isometric and isotonic exercises, importance of cryotherapy, transfers, use of walking aids, gait training, training to go up and down stairs and getting in and out of the car; decrease of pain throughout the perioperative period; improvement of flexion and extension of the operated knee at the time of discharge; improvement of performance of daily life activities and independence of patients at the time of discharge. Conclusion: The results obtained allow us to affirm that the interventions of Nurses assume an essential role in the Rehabilitation of patients submitted to Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Palavras-chave
Impacto Cuidados de enfermagem Reabilitação Artroplastia total do joelho Impact Nursing care Rehabilitation Total knee arthroplasty