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Estilos de vida salutogénicos dos enfermeiros
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Os determinantes da saúde são capazes de influenciar a saúde das pessoas e comunidades e, por isso, tornam-se essenciais para a adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis. De entre os vários determinantes da saúde podemos destacar os estilos de vida que são vistos como uma oportunidade de educar as pessoas, famílias e comunidades a adotarem atitudes preventivas em relação à saúde e ao seu valor, com vista à obtenção de ganhos em saúde. Os estilos de vida são caraterizados por padrões de comportamento, hábitos, atitudes e valores que são influenciados, modificados, encorajados ou inibidos pelo constante processo de socialização. Para além disso, o estilo de vida de cada indivíduo é condicionado por fatores socioeconómicos, educacionais e profissionais. Sabe-se que constante exposição a fatores de stress laboral desencadeia consequências para a saúde dos profissionais, dos quais os enfermeiros não são exceção. Os enfermeiros estão vulneráveis diariamente ao contacto com pessoas debilitadas e doentes, ao facto de terem de lidar com a morte, a relações interpessoais tensas e hierárquicas, a horários de trabalho por turnos, incluindo o turno noturno.
Torna-se por isso pertinente perceber e, posteriormente, intervir nos estilos de vida através de estratégias que incentivem o compromisso individual e social. Isto permitirá a adoção de estilos de vida salutogénicos. Os estilos de vida salutogénicos visam a promoção da saúde e a capacitação das pessoas através do fornecimento de conhecimentos como ferramenta para que estas sejam responsáveis por fazerem escolhas saudáveis para a sua saúde e bem-estar.
A realização do estudo tem como objetivo conhecer os Estilos de Vida Salutogénicos dos Enfermeiros de um hospital privado do Norte do País. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, para o qual se recorreu ao questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico”, adaptado e validado para a população portuguesa por Silva, Brito e Amado (2014), para colheita dos dados. A amostra escolhida foi não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 36 enfermeiros a trabalhar num hospital privado do Norte do País.
Concluiu-se que, na amostra em estudo, os enfermeiros ostentam melhores resultados nos domínios Família e Amigos; Comportamentos de Saúde e Sexual; e Outros Comportamentos. Os resultados revelam também a necessidade de um maior investimento na prevenção e sensibilização dos enfermeiros que constituíram a amostra para a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável, principalmente no domínio da Atividade Física/Associativismo, da Nutrição, do Trabalho/Tipo de Personalidade e da Introspeção. Podemos inferir de acordo com os resultados obtidos que de uma forma geral no questionário “Estilo de Vida Fantástico”, os estilos de vida da maioria dos enfermeiros classificam-se em “Bom” e “Muito Bom” com as respetivas percentagens de 19,4% e 72,2% da totalidade da amostra.
Health determinants can influence the health of people and communities and, therefore, become essential for choosing healthy lifestyle habits. Among the various determinants of health, we can highlight the lifestyles that are seen as an opportunity to educate people, families and communities to adopt preventive attitudes to health and their value, in order to obtain health gains. Lifestyles are described as patterns of behavior, habits, attitudes and values that are influenced, modified, encouraged or inhibited by the constant process of socialization. In addition, the lifestyle of each individual is conditioned by socioeconomic, educational and professional factors. It is known that constant exposure to factors of work stress triggers consequences for the health of professionals, which nurses are no exception. Nurses are vulnerable daily to contact with debilitated and sick people, to the fact that they must deal with death, to strained and hierarchical interpersonal relationships, as well as to work schedules established by shifts, including the night shift. It is therefore relevant to understand and, later, intervene in lifestyles through strategies that encourage individual and social commitment. This will allow the adoption of salutogenic lifestyles. Salutogenic lifestyles aim to promote health and empower people by providing knowledge as a tool for them to be responsible for making healthy choices for their health and well-being. The purpose of the study is to identify the Salutogenic Lifestyles of Nurses in a private hospital in the north of the country. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, for which the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire was used. This questionnaire was adapted and validated for the Portuguese population by Silva, Brito and Amado (2014), to collect data. The sample chosen for the selection of participants was non-probabilistic for convenience and consists of 36 nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country. It was concluded that, in the study sample, nurses have better results in the Family and Friends domains; Health and Sexual Behaviors; and Other Behaviors. The results also reveal the need for greater investment in the prevention and awareness of nurses who constituted the sample for the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, mainly in the domain of Activity, Nutrition, Career/ Type of Personality and Insight. With this, it was concluded that, according to the results obtained from the 36 nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country and based on the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire, the lifestyles of most nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country are classified as “Good” and “Very Good” with the respective percentages of 19.4% and 72.2% of the entire sample.
Health determinants can influence the health of people and communities and, therefore, become essential for choosing healthy lifestyle habits. Among the various determinants of health, we can highlight the lifestyles that are seen as an opportunity to educate people, families and communities to adopt preventive attitudes to health and their value, in order to obtain health gains. Lifestyles are described as patterns of behavior, habits, attitudes and values that are influenced, modified, encouraged or inhibited by the constant process of socialization. In addition, the lifestyle of each individual is conditioned by socioeconomic, educational and professional factors. It is known that constant exposure to factors of work stress triggers consequences for the health of professionals, which nurses are no exception. Nurses are vulnerable daily to contact with debilitated and sick people, to the fact that they must deal with death, to strained and hierarchical interpersonal relationships, as well as to work schedules established by shifts, including the night shift. It is therefore relevant to understand and, later, intervene in lifestyles through strategies that encourage individual and social commitment. This will allow the adoption of salutogenic lifestyles. Salutogenic lifestyles aim to promote health and empower people by providing knowledge as a tool for them to be responsible for making healthy choices for their health and well-being. The purpose of the study is to identify the Salutogenic Lifestyles of Nurses in a private hospital in the north of the country. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, for which the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire was used. This questionnaire was adapted and validated for the Portuguese population by Silva, Brito and Amado (2014), to collect data. The sample chosen for the selection of participants was non-probabilistic for convenience and consists of 36 nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country. It was concluded that, in the study sample, nurses have better results in the Family and Friends domains; Health and Sexual Behaviors; and Other Behaviors. The results also reveal the need for greater investment in the prevention and awareness of nurses who constituted the sample for the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, mainly in the domain of Activity, Nutrition, Career/ Type of Personality and Insight. With this, it was concluded that, according to the results obtained from the 36 nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country and based on the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment questionnaire, the lifestyles of most nurses working in a private hospital in the north of the country are classified as “Good” and “Very Good” with the respective percentages of 19.4% and 72.2% of the entire sample.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Palavras-chave
Enfermeiros Estilo de vida Saúde Determinantes Promoção da saúde Nurses Lifestyle Health Determinants Health promotion