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Publication
Do alvo à radicalização: estratégias de recrutamento terrorista em contexto universitário
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Projeto de graduação_2022114285 | 1.69 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Pelo aumento do nível de ameaça de ataques terroristas no sistema de segurança interna português quis-se compreender a verdadeira natureza do fenómeno do terrorismo, a estrutura organizacional, tipologia, modus operandi, processos e alvos de recrutamento e as vulnerabilidades em território português.
Compreendeu-se que não existe somente uma preocupação com o terrorismo islâmico, mas sim com uma variedade de organizações terroristas emergentes e também perigosas cada vez mais radicalizados e disseminadas.
O estudo também realçou o papel fundamental da liderança na adesão dos indivíduos aos grupos terroristas. Compreendeu-se que a neutralização dos líderes é crucial para enfraquecer e desmantelar organizações terroristas, no entanto uma vez que o seu carisma e a capacidade de inspirar e motivar seguidores, alinhando objetivos pessoais e organizacionais através de narrativas heróicas através dos meios de comunicação, são cruciais para persuadir a adesão de novos membros.
Sabe-se, que a propaganda terrorista é o meio de recrutamento, e é disseminada largamente através dos meios de comunicação, em especial nas redes sociais. Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se investigar se esta realidade do uso dos canais de comunicação e redes sociais para a propagação de mensagens de aliciamento terrorista é eficaz e quais os indivíduos que são mais vulneráveis a ser aliciados.
O estudo procurou compreender, com base em dados sociodemográficos e psicológicos identificados na literatura, consistentes com a amostra alvo do estudo, jovens com médias de idade entre 18 anos a 25 anos, se os mesmos já estão a ser aliciados, procurados ou recrutados em Portugal e que por que tipo de organização terrorista.
Pretendeu-se investigar se os alvos de aliciamento para o recrutamento terrorista, se só baseiam apenas na etnia ou religião ou em comportamentos e padrões concretos identificadas por vários estudos como o sentimento pertença, identidade, estatuto e propósito.
Em Portugal, a evidência sugeriu que o processo de recrutamento já se encontra em ação, conforme indicado por notícias recentes. A amostra alvo selecionada para o questionário, foi de indivíduos entre os 18 anos e os 25 anos em universidades, mostrando-se pertinente para compreender se os alunos universitários apresentam certas vulnerabilidades que facilitam o recrutamento. Pretendeu-se correlacionar estas vulnerabilidades com eixos de recrutamento com a amostra para compreender este mesmo grau de vulnerabilidade nesta amostra.
Em suma, este estudo sublinha a necessidade imperativa de compreender e identificar os fatores que promovem a manifestação do terrorismo em Portugal especialmente no que diz respeito ao recrutamento. Mesmo que o terrorismo em Portugal não seja significativo, denota-se uma tendência crescente e um processo de recrutamento mais ativo. A prevenção do recrutamento emerge como a estratégia mais adequada para que os grupos terroristas não ganhem notoriedade, identificando os grupos-alvo e mais vulneráveis ao recrutamento e Portugal não se torne uma base para a atuação de grupos terroristas de ataques seja a nível nacional ou europeu.
In light of the heightened threat attacks on the Portuguese internal security system, this study aims to understand the true nature f the phenomenon of terrorism. To this end, the study will examine the organisational, typology, modus operandi, recruitment processes and targets, and the vulnerabilities in Portuguese territory. It was recognised that the issue of concern extended beyond the scope of Islamic terrorism, encompassing a diverse array of emerging and perilous terrorist organizations that were progressively radicalising and proliferating on a global scale. This study also emphasises the fundamental role of leadership in the adherence of individuals to terrorrist groups. It has been established that the neutralisation of leaders is of pivotal importantance in the wearing and dismantling of terrorist organisations. However, the charisma anda ability of leaders to inspire and motivate followers, aligning personal and organisational goals through heroic narratives disseminated via the media are also of crucial significance in persuading new members to join. It is widely acknowledged that terrorist propaganda constitutes the primary method of recruitment, being extensively disseminated through various media channels, particularly social networks. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of utilizing communication channels and social networks for the dissemination of terrorist grooming messages, and to identify the demographic most susceptible to such grooming. The present study sought to understand, based on sociodemographic and psychological data identified in the literature, consistent with the study’s target sample, young people whit an average age between 18 and 25, whether they are already being groomed, sought out or recruited in Portugal and by what type of terrorist organisation. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain whether the targets of terrorist recruitment are exclusively based on ethnicity or religion, or whether they identified base on specific behaviour and patterns that have been identified in various studies, such as sense of belonging, identity, status and purpose. In Portugal, recent news reports have indicated that recruitment process is already underway. The target sample selected for the questionnaire was design for individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 at universities, a group which proved pertinent to understanding whether university students present certain vulnerability that facilitates recruitment. The aim of this study os to correlate these vulnerabilities whit axes of recruitment whit the sample in order to understand this same degree of venerability in the sample. In summary, the present study underscores the pivotal necessity to comprehend and ascertain the factors that engender the emergence of terrorist in Portugal, there has been an observed rise in both the frequency and activity of terrorist recruitment processes. It is evident that the most efficacious strategy to impede the recruitment of the terrorist groups is to identify the target demographics most susceptible to radicalisation. This approach is predicated on the recognition that terrorist organisations must be prevented from gaining notoriety, and that Portugal must not become a base from which they can launch attacks, whether at the national or European level.
In light of the heightened threat attacks on the Portuguese internal security system, this study aims to understand the true nature f the phenomenon of terrorism. To this end, the study will examine the organisational, typology, modus operandi, recruitment processes and targets, and the vulnerabilities in Portuguese territory. It was recognised that the issue of concern extended beyond the scope of Islamic terrorism, encompassing a diverse array of emerging and perilous terrorist organizations that were progressively radicalising and proliferating on a global scale. This study also emphasises the fundamental role of leadership in the adherence of individuals to terrorrist groups. It has been established that the neutralisation of leaders is of pivotal importantance in the wearing and dismantling of terrorist organisations. However, the charisma anda ability of leaders to inspire and motivate followers, aligning personal and organisational goals through heroic narratives disseminated via the media are also of crucial significance in persuading new members to join. It is widely acknowledged that terrorist propaganda constitutes the primary method of recruitment, being extensively disseminated through various media channels, particularly social networks. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of utilizing communication channels and social networks for the dissemination of terrorist grooming messages, and to identify the demographic most susceptible to such grooming. The present study sought to understand, based on sociodemographic and psychological data identified in the literature, consistent with the study’s target sample, young people whit an average age between 18 and 25, whether they are already being groomed, sought out or recruited in Portugal and by what type of terrorist organisation. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain whether the targets of terrorist recruitment are exclusively based on ethnicity or religion, or whether they identified base on specific behaviour and patterns that have been identified in various studies, such as sense of belonging, identity, status and purpose. In Portugal, recent news reports have indicated that recruitment process is already underway. The target sample selected for the questionnaire was design for individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 at universities, a group which proved pertinent to understanding whether university students present certain vulnerability that facilitates recruitment. The aim of this study os to correlate these vulnerabilities whit axes of recruitment whit the sample in order to understand this same degree of venerability in the sample. In summary, the present study underscores the pivotal necessity to comprehend and ascertain the factors that engender the emergence of terrorist in Portugal, there has been an observed rise in both the frequency and activity of terrorist recruitment processes. It is evident that the most efficacious strategy to impede the recruitment of the terrorist groups is to identify the target demographics most susceptible to radicalisation. This approach is predicated on the recognition that terrorist organisations must be prevented from gaining notoriety, and that Portugal must not become a base from which they can launch attacks, whether at the national or European level.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia.
Keywords
Terrorismo Recrutamento e propaganda Terrorism Recruitment and propaganda