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Publication
Impacto da educação em saúde: promoção do autoexame e sensibilização para o cancro oral – estudo piloto
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_39724 | 3.3 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da educação face ao autoexame da cavidade oral, na promoção da literacia em saúde e na sensibilização da população infantojuvenil, em relação ao cancro oral. Este estudo piloto compara a aquisição e aplicação prática do conhecimento entre duas sessões de aprendizagem, abordando temas, como fatores de risco, sinais e sintomas de alerta, prevenção, importância do diagnóstico precoce, bem como de visitas regulares ao médico dentista.
Foi realizado um estudo observacional longitudinal, a partir de duas Sessões de Aprendizagem, na Escola Básica Agra do Amial, para alunos de 2º e 3º ano, com a aplicação de um questionário, de modo a avaliar o conhecimento sobre o Cancro Oral e o Autoexame, antes e depois da intervenção educativa, garantindo a confidencialidade e anonimato dos participantes.
No total, 41 artigos foram utilizados para fundamentação do estudo, cuja pesquisa bibliográfica foi efetuada na base de dados PubMed® e SciELO®. A análise estatística foi, posteriormente, realizada, de acordo com o software SPSS, na versão 29.0.
Foi incluída uma amostra de 38 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre 7 e 10 anos, distribuídos quase equitativamente entre os géneros. A análise dos questionários, aplicados antes e depois da palestra educativa, revelou uma melhoria significativa no conhecimento e nas práticas preventivas dos participantes. Após as intervenções, todos os alunos reconheceram a importância das visitas semestrais ao médico dentista (100%), sendo que 84,2% passaram a dirigir-se ao dentista e 86,8% consideraram que se deve ir para realização de check-ups e não só em caso de dor ou desconforto num dente; 76,3% compreenderam que, desde que detetado precocemente, o cancro pode ter cura.
Além disso, verificou-se um aumento na consciencialização sobre a possibilidade do seu surgimento na cavidade oral (94,7%), bem como da sua prevenção, para 84,2%, reconhecendo uma combinação de medidas para o efeito (39,5%); 23,7% dos alunos identificaram, corretamente, um conjunto de sinais e sintomas da doença. Neste seguimento, 76,3% afirmaram conhecer o autoexame e compreender a necessidade de o realizar regularmente, passando a ser uma rotina mensal para 54,5%, ainda que 76,3% dos alunos tenha considerado, corretamente, uma prática trimestral, suficiente; 31,6% provaram, também, uma boa aquisição de competências, mencionando que o autoexame deve incluir a inspeção de todas as estruturas anatómicas da cabeça e pescoço.
The present investigation aims to evaluate the impact of education on oral cavity self-examination in promoting health literacy and raising awareness among children and adolescents about oral cancer. This pilot study compares the acquisition and practical application of knowledge between two learning sessions, covering topics such as risk factors, warning signs and symptoms, prevention, the importance of early diagnosis, and regular visits to the dentist. A longitudinal observational study was conducted through two Learning Sessions at the Agra do Amial Primary School for 2nd and 3rd-grade students, with the application of a questionnaire to assess knowledge about Oral Cancer and Self-Examination before and after the educational intervention, while ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants. A total of 41 articles were used to support the study, with the literature review conducted on the PubMed® and SciELO® database. Statistical analysis was subsequently carried out using the SPSS software, version 29.0. A sample of 38 participants, aged between 7 and 10 years, was included, with an almost equal distribution between genders. The analysis of the questionnaires applied before and after the educational lecture revealed a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge and preventive practices. After the interventions, all students recognized the importance of biannual visits to the dentist (100%), with 84.2% reporting that they would go to the dentist, and 86.8% considering that visits should be for check-ups and not just for toothache or discomfort; 76.3% understood that cancer can be cured if detected early. Additionally, there was an increase in awareness about the possibility of its occurrence in the oral cavity (94.7%) and its prevention, with 84.2% recognizing a combination of measures for this purpose (39.5%); 23.7% of the students correctly identified a set of signs and symptoms of the disease. Following this, 76.3% stated they were aware of self-examination and understood the need to perform it regularly, with 54.5% adopting it as a monthly routine, although 76.3% of the students correctly considered quarterly practice sufficient; 31.6% also demonstrated good skill acquisition, noting that self-examination should include the inspection of all anatomical structures of the head and neck. The study demonstrated that educational sessions focused on increasing knowledge about oral cancer and promoting self-examination among young people result in significant improvements in understanding and adopting preventive practices. The effectiveness of these interventions underscores the need for ongoing efforts, with periodic and structured sessions, integrating them into various school contexts to promote oral cancer prevention and improve quality of life from an early age.
The present investigation aims to evaluate the impact of education on oral cavity self-examination in promoting health literacy and raising awareness among children and adolescents about oral cancer. This pilot study compares the acquisition and practical application of knowledge between two learning sessions, covering topics such as risk factors, warning signs and symptoms, prevention, the importance of early diagnosis, and regular visits to the dentist. A longitudinal observational study was conducted through two Learning Sessions at the Agra do Amial Primary School for 2nd and 3rd-grade students, with the application of a questionnaire to assess knowledge about Oral Cancer and Self-Examination before and after the educational intervention, while ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants. A total of 41 articles were used to support the study, with the literature review conducted on the PubMed® and SciELO® database. Statistical analysis was subsequently carried out using the SPSS software, version 29.0. A sample of 38 participants, aged between 7 and 10 years, was included, with an almost equal distribution between genders. The analysis of the questionnaires applied before and after the educational lecture revealed a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge and preventive practices. After the interventions, all students recognized the importance of biannual visits to the dentist (100%), with 84.2% reporting that they would go to the dentist, and 86.8% considering that visits should be for check-ups and not just for toothache or discomfort; 76.3% understood that cancer can be cured if detected early. Additionally, there was an increase in awareness about the possibility of its occurrence in the oral cavity (94.7%) and its prevention, with 84.2% recognizing a combination of measures for this purpose (39.5%); 23.7% of the students correctly identified a set of signs and symptoms of the disease. Following this, 76.3% stated they were aware of self-examination and understood the need to perform it regularly, with 54.5% adopting it as a monthly routine, although 76.3% of the students correctly considered quarterly practice sufficient; 31.6% also demonstrated good skill acquisition, noting that self-examination should include the inspection of all anatomical structures of the head and neck. The study demonstrated that educational sessions focused on increasing knowledge about oral cancer and promoting self-examination among young people result in significant improvements in understanding and adopting preventive practices. The effectiveness of these interventions underscores the need for ongoing efforts, with periodic and structured sessions, integrating them into various school contexts to promote oral cancer prevention and improve quality of life from an early age.
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Keywords
Cancro oral Literacia em saúde Autoexame Promoção da saúde Intervenção educativa População infantojuvenil Self-examination Oral cancer Early detection Epidemiology Risk factors Health literacy Prevention