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Evolution of nutritional status and body composition during the sports season in young football players
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A informação sobre o estado nutricional, composição corporal e hábitos alimentares de jogadores de futebol em idade pediátrica são escassos.
Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional, composição corporal e hábitos alimentares de jogadores de futebol em idade pediátrica durante a época 2021/2022.
Métodos: Incluíram-se 40 crianças (9-13 anos). Dados antropométricos recolhidos: peso corporal (kg), altura (cm), perímetro da cintura (cm), perímetro do braço (PB, cm) e oito pregas cutâneas (PC, mm). Calculou-se a soma das 8 PC (mm), a percentagem de massa gorda (%MG) e índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m2). Avaliou-se o estado nutricional através do IMC (baixo peso: ≤P3, normal: P3-P85, pré-obesidade: P85-95, obesidade: P>95), %MG (baixa: ≤P10, normal: P10-P85, elevada: >P85) e PB (baixo: ≤P15, normal: P15-P85, elevado: >P85). Aplicou-se o questionário de adesão à dieta mediterrânea (DM) (KIDMED) em abril. Avaliou-se o consumo diário de água e hortofrutícolas. Apresentam-se as variáveis contínuas como mediana e intervalo interquartil e as variáveis categóricas como frequências. Recorreu-se ao teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar variáveis contínuas e ao teste Qui-quadrado para comparar variáveis categóricas entre dois momentos de avaliação: janeiro/fevereiro e junho. Considerou-se P<0,05.
Resultados: Perímetro da cintura, soma das PC e %MG diminuíram em junho relativamente a janeiro/fevereiro, respetivamente: 63,1 (3,3) cm vs. 64,1 (3,7) cm, 31,1 (8,8) mm vs. 40,2 (12,6) mm e 6,6 (2,4) % vs. 9,4 (3,5) %. Os participantes não apresentaram obesidade, %MG elevada ou PB elevado, em qualquer momento. Em janeiro/fevereiro 83,3%, 61,1% e 72,2% dos atletas apresentaram IMC normal, baixa %MG e baixo PB, respetivamente. Em junho estas frequências foram respetivamente 92,6%, 92,6% e 63,0%. A pontuação média do KIDMED foi de 8,5 (DP:1,9) pontos. 26,3% dos participantes apresentaram nível médio de adesão à DM e 73,7% nível de adesão elevado. A ingestão de água foi <1,5L para 63,2% dos participantes e 57,9% ingeriram ≥5 porções de hortofrutícolas/dia.
Conclusão: Embora a maioria dos participantes apresente IMC normal, apresentavam também %MG baixa, evidenciando a necessidade de delinear intervenções nutricionais para garantir níveis de composição corporal compatíveis com desempenho físico e saúde. Apesar do nível de adesão à DM ser elevado, as recomendações de consumo diário de água e hortofrutícolas devem ser alcançadas.
Introduction: Information regarding nutritional status, body composition and eating habits of football players in lower categories is scarce. Objective: To evaluate nutritional status, body composition and eating habits of young football players during 2021/2022 season. Methods: Forty children (9-13 years old) were included. Anthropometric data integrated: body weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC, cm) and eight skinfolds (SF, mm). The sum of 8 skinfolds (mm), percentage of body fat mass (%BFM) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) were calculated. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI (underweight: ≤P3, normal: P3-P85, pre-obesity: P85-95, obesity: P>95), %BFM (low: ≤P10, normal: P10-P85, high: >P85) and MUAC (low: ≤P15, normal: P15-P85, high: >P85). Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence questionnaire (KIDMED) was applied in April. Daily water, fruit and vegetable intake were questioned. Continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range and categorical variables as frequencies. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test to compare categorical variables between two moments of evaluation: January/February and June. P<0.05 was considered. Results: Waist circumference, sum of SF and %BFM decreased in June compared to January/February, respectively: 63.1 (3.3) cm vs. 64.1 (3.7) cm, 31.1 (8.8) mm vs. 40.2 (12.6) mm and 6.6 (2.4) % vs. 9.4 (3.5) %. None of the participants presented obesity, high %BFM or high MUAC, at any of the evaluation moments. In the first moment of evaluation 83.3%, 61.1% and 72.2% of athletes presented normal BMI, low %BFM and low MUAC, respectively. In the second moment these figures were respectively 92.6%, 92.6% and 63.0%. In April, average KIDMED score was 8.5 (SD:1.9) points. 26.3% presented an average level of adhesion to MD and 73.7% a high level of adherence. Water intake was <1.5L for 63.2% of participants and 57.9% ate ≥5 portions of fruits and vegetables/day. Conclusion: Although most participants presented normal BMI, most athletes were in the low %BFM category which highlights the need to design nutritional interventions to guarantee body composition levels compatible with physical performance and health. Moreover, despite the high level of adherence to MD, daily recommendations for water, fruits and vegetables should be attained.
Introduction: Information regarding nutritional status, body composition and eating habits of football players in lower categories is scarce. Objective: To evaluate nutritional status, body composition and eating habits of young football players during 2021/2022 season. Methods: Forty children (9-13 years old) were included. Anthropometric data integrated: body weight (kg), height (cm), waist circumference (cm), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC, cm) and eight skinfolds (SF, mm). The sum of 8 skinfolds (mm), percentage of body fat mass (%BFM) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) were calculated. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI (underweight: ≤P3, normal: P3-P85, pre-obesity: P85-95, obesity: P>95), %BFM (low: ≤P10, normal: P10-P85, high: >P85) and MUAC (low: ≤P15, normal: P15-P85, high: >P85). Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence questionnaire (KIDMED) was applied in April. Daily water, fruit and vegetable intake were questioned. Continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile range and categorical variables as frequencies. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test to compare categorical variables between two moments of evaluation: January/February and June. P<0.05 was considered. Results: Waist circumference, sum of SF and %BFM decreased in June compared to January/February, respectively: 63.1 (3.3) cm vs. 64.1 (3.7) cm, 31.1 (8.8) mm vs. 40.2 (12.6) mm and 6.6 (2.4) % vs. 9.4 (3.5) %. None of the participants presented obesity, high %BFM or high MUAC, at any of the evaluation moments. In the first moment of evaluation 83.3%, 61.1% and 72.2% of athletes presented normal BMI, low %BFM and low MUAC, respectively. In the second moment these figures were respectively 92.6%, 92.6% and 63.0%. In April, average KIDMED score was 8.5 (SD:1.9) points. 26.3% presented an average level of adhesion to MD and 73.7% a high level of adherence. Water intake was <1.5L for 63.2% of participants and 57.9% ate ≥5 portions of fruits and vegetables/day. Conclusion: Although most participants presented normal BMI, most athletes were in the low %BFM category which highlights the need to design nutritional interventions to guarantee body composition levels compatible with physical performance and health. Moreover, despite the high level of adherence to MD, daily recommendations for water, fruits and vegetables should be attained.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciado em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Parâmetros antropométricos KIDMED Hábitos alimentares Atletas IMC % massa gorda Anthropometric parameters Food habits Athletes BMI % body fat mass