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Nanossistemas multifuncionais no tratamento do cancro
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O cancro continua a ser uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos a nível de diagnóstico, o tratamento oncológico revela-se ainda uma das questões mais desafiadoras na área da saúde. As estratégias clássicas para o tratamento do cancro incluem intervenção cirúrgica, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia combinada e terapia a laser. Contudo, estas opções apresentam algumas limitações, tais como a falta de especificidade ou falta de eficácia para atingir os tecidos cancerígenos. Com o intuito de ultrapassar estas limitações, várias equipas têm investigado a versatilidade dos nanossistemas, nomeadamente o desenvolvimento de nanossistemas multifuncionais. Com o recurso a esta estratégia é possível associar as vantagens inerentes aos diferentes nanossistemas com múltiplos benefícios, como por exemplo, a coadministração de fármacos ou de compostos bioativos com efeito terapêutico sinérgico;
o direcionamento/vectorização ativa para alvos específicos; a ativação de nanossistemas por diferentes estímulos; e a aplicação de estratégias terapêuticas hifenizadas.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão do estado da arte das múltiplas estratégias usadas no desenvolvimento de nanossistemas multifuncionais com o intuito de ultrapassar as limitações associadas às estratégias convencionais utilizadas no tratamento do cancro.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world. Despite technological advances in diagnosis, cancer treatment is still one of the most challenging health issues. Classic strategies for cancer treatment include surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, combination therapy and laser therapy. However, these options have some limitations, such as lack of specificity or ineffectiveness in reaching cancerous tissues. In order to overcome these limitations, several teams have investigated the versatility of nanosystems, namely the development of multifunctional nanosystems. Using this strategy, it is possible to combine the advantages inherent in different nanosystems with multiple benefits, such as the co-delivery of drugs or bioactive compounds with synergistic therapeutic effect; active targeting/vectoring for specific targets; activation of nanosystems by different stimuli; and the application of hyphenated therapeutic strategies. The present dissertation aims to present a review of the state of the art of the multiple strategies used in the development of multifunctional nanosystems in order to overcome the limitations associated with the conventional strategies used in cancer treatment.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world. Despite technological advances in diagnosis, cancer treatment is still one of the most challenging health issues. Classic strategies for cancer treatment include surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, combination therapy and laser therapy. However, these options have some limitations, such as lack of specificity or ineffectiveness in reaching cancerous tissues. In order to overcome these limitations, several teams have investigated the versatility of nanosystems, namely the development of multifunctional nanosystems. Using this strategy, it is possible to combine the advantages inherent in different nanosystems with multiple benefits, such as the co-delivery of drugs or bioactive compounds with synergistic therapeutic effect; active targeting/vectoring for specific targets; activation of nanosystems by different stimuli; and the application of hyphenated therapeutic strategies. The present dissertation aims to present a review of the state of the art of the multiple strategies used in the development of multifunctional nanosystems in order to overcome the limitations associated with the conventional strategies used in cancer treatment.
Description
Keywords
Coadministração Composição híbrida Estratégias de direcionamento/vectorização Nanossistemas ativados por estímulos Estratégias terapêuticas hifenizadas Co-delivery Hybrid composition Targeting/vectoring strategies Stimulus activated nanosystems Hyphenated therapeutic strategies