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O impacto da microbiota intestinal na saúde mental
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_40119 | 2.29 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos, a comunidade científica tem vindo a demonstrar que a microbiota intestinal tem um impacto significativo na saúde mental, existindo uma associação entre a sua diversidade e composição e o desenvolvimento de distúrbios mentais, como a ansiedade e a depressão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar uma revisão abrangente e atualizada da literatura sobre os mecanismos envolvidos na interação entre a microbiota intestinal e a saúde mental. A metodologia foi baseada na pesquisa de artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, entre 1 de janeiro de 2020 e 31 de dezembro de 2024. A pesquisa resultou num total de 170 artigos, dos quais, após análise criteriosa, 47 foram selecionados para a elaboração desta revisão. A microbiota intestinal está em comunicação com o sistema nervoso central (SNC) através do eixo intestinocérebro, sendo esta comunicação bidirecional. Evidências científicas indicam que desequilíbrios nesta via afetam a produção de neurotransmissores, como a serotonina e o ácido gama-aminobutírico, os quais desempenham um papel fundamental na regulação do humor e da função cerebral. Além disso, a microbiota intestinal está envolvida na produção de metabolitos e substâncias químicas que afetam o SNC. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão confirmam que a complexa e diversificada microbiota intestinal também tem um papel fundamental na regulação da resposta inflamatória do organismo. Fatores como uma alimentação inadequada, o stress e predisposições genéticas podem alterar a microbiota, afetando o comportamento e a saúde cognitiva. Por outro lado, estratégias como intervenções nutricionais e o uso de probióticos ou psicobióticos demonstram potencial para modular de forma positiva o eixo intestino-cérebro, contribuindo para o tratamento de patologias como a ansiedade e a depressão. Apesar dos avanços na compreensão desta relação, persistem lacunas na literatura no que diz respeito à compreensão dos mecanismos moleculares específicos que regulam esta interação. São, portanto, necessários mais estudos e ensaios clínicos para fortalecer estes resultados e incorporar novas estratégias terapêuticas baseadas na modulação da microbiota intestinal.
In recent years, the scientific community has shown that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on mental health, with an association between its diversity and composition and the development of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The main objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the literature on the mechanisms involved in the interaction between the gut microbiota and mental health. The methodology was based on a search for scientific articles published in the last 5 years, between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2024. The search resulted in a total of 170 articles, of which, after careful analysis, 47 were selected for this review. The gut microbiota is in communication with the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis, and this communication is bidirectional. Scientific evidence indicates that imbalances in this pathway affect the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which play a fundamental role in regulating mood and brain function. In addition, the gut microbiota is involved in the production of metabolites and chemicals that affect the CNS. The studies included in this review confirm that the complex and diverse gut microbiota also plays a key role in regulating the body's inflammatory response. Factors such as poor diet, stress and genetic predispositions can alter the microbiota, affecting behavior and cognitive health. On the other hand, strategies such as nutritional interventions and the use of probiotics or psychobiotics show potential to positively modulate the gut-brain axis, contributing to the treatment of conditions such as anxiety and depression. Despite advances in understanding this relationship, there are still gaps in the literature with regard to understanding the specific molecular mechanisms that regulate this interaction. More studies and clinical trials are therefore needed to strengthen these results and incorporate new therapeutic strategies based on modulating the gut microbiota.
In recent years, the scientific community has shown that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on mental health, with an association between its diversity and composition and the development of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The main objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the literature on the mechanisms involved in the interaction between the gut microbiota and mental health. The methodology was based on a search for scientific articles published in the last 5 years, between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2024. The search resulted in a total of 170 articles, of which, after careful analysis, 47 were selected for this review. The gut microbiota is in communication with the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis, and this communication is bidirectional. Scientific evidence indicates that imbalances in this pathway affect the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid, which play a fundamental role in regulating mood and brain function. In addition, the gut microbiota is involved in the production of metabolites and chemicals that affect the CNS. The studies included in this review confirm that the complex and diverse gut microbiota also plays a key role in regulating the body's inflammatory response. Factors such as poor diet, stress and genetic predispositions can alter the microbiota, affecting behavior and cognitive health. On the other hand, strategies such as nutritional interventions and the use of probiotics or psychobiotics show potential to positively modulate the gut-brain axis, contributing to the treatment of conditions such as anxiety and depression. Despite advances in understanding this relationship, there are still gaps in the literature with regard to understanding the specific molecular mechanisms that regulate this interaction. More studies and clinical trials are therefore needed to strengthen these results and incorporate new therapeutic strategies based on modulating the gut microbiota.
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Keywords
Microbiota intestinal Doenças mentais Nutrição Eixo intestino-cérebro Gut microbiota Mental illness Nutrition Gut-brain axis