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Publication
O impacto da estimulação física e cognitiva na qualidade de vida do idoso institucionalizado
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| 9.37 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento populacional é um fenómeno mundial, com especial incidência no
ocidente. Na sociedade portuguesa, o grupo de pessoas com idade superior a 60 anos é o
que apresenta as taxas mais elevadas de crescimento. Tal facto lança luz sobre um tema
que requer cada vez mais atenção: a necessidade de garantir qualidade de vida e bemestar
a essa franja da população que precisa de cuidados especiais e de respostas sociais
ajustadas à nova realidade.
Efectivamente, em alguns casos, quando os idosos são institucionalizados na resposta
social em regime de Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI), a qualidade de
vida poderá ficar comprometida, se as instituições não proporcionarem aos seus
residentes os estímulos necessários a nível físico e cognitivo, de forma a potenciar o
bem-estar biopsicossocial, garantindo uma maior qualidade de vida durante todo o
processo de envelhecimento. Este estudo tem precisamente, como principal objectivo,
compreender e verificar os efeitos da prática de actividades cognitivas e físicas na
qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados e aferir diferentes configurações em
torno do conceito de qualidade de vida, avaliar a percepção que esses idosos têm sobre a
sua qualidade de vida e comparar a percepção da mesma antes e após serem submetidos
a um programa de intervenção.
O estudo empírico baseia-se numa metodologia quantitativa, com recurso à Escala da
Qualidade de Vida Easy-Care standard 2010, e numa metodologia qualitativa, com
recurso à técnica da entrevista em profundidade, semi-estruturada e aplicada de forma
semi-directiva. A amostra é constituída por 10 idosas, com idades compreendidas entre
os 66 e os 87 anos, a residir numa ERPI sediada no Concelho do Porto.
Os resultados do estudo sugerem que as actividades de estimulação física e cognitiva
permitiram que o tempo fosse ocupado de forma saudável, favorecendo o bem-estar
biopsicossocial. Consequentemente após as sessões de estimulação, as participantes
passaram a avaliar a sua qualidade de vida em termos mais positivos, como se pode
constatar através dos resultados apurados no momento 1 e 2 de aplicação do Easy-Care .
Population aging is a global phenomenon, with special impact in the West. In Portuguese society, the group of people aged over 60 years is the one that presents the highest growth rate. This fact sheds light on a topic that requires increasing attention: the need to ensure quality of life and well-being to that section of the population that needs special care and social responses adjusted to the new reality. In some cases, indeed, when the elderly are institutionalized in the Residential Establishments for Older People (REOP), quality of life may be compromised if the institutions do not provide their residents the necessary stimulation at physical and cognitive level, in order to maximize the bio, psycho and social well-being, ensuring a higher quality of life throughout the aging process. This study elected as main goal to comprehend and verify the effects of the practice of cognitive and physical activity on quality of life of institutionalized elderly. The research also aims to assess the different settings around the concept of quality of life, the perception that these individuals have on their own quality of life, comparing that perception before and after being subjected to an intervention program. The empirical study is based on a quantitative methodology, using the Quality of Life Scale Easy-Care Standard 2010, and a qualitative methodology, using the technique of in-depth, semi-structured and semi-directive applied interview. The sample consisted of 10 elderly, aged between 66 and 87 years, residing in a REOP settled in Porto area. The study results suggest that physical activity and cognitive stimulation enabled a healthy occupation of daily time, favouring the bio, psycho and social well-being. Consequently after stimulation sessions, the participants started to assess their quality of life in more positive terms, as can be observed when compared the findings of the first application of Easy-Care to the findings of the second application.
Population aging is a global phenomenon, with special impact in the West. In Portuguese society, the group of people aged over 60 years is the one that presents the highest growth rate. This fact sheds light on a topic that requires increasing attention: the need to ensure quality of life and well-being to that section of the population that needs special care and social responses adjusted to the new reality. In some cases, indeed, when the elderly are institutionalized in the Residential Establishments for Older People (REOP), quality of life may be compromised if the institutions do not provide their residents the necessary stimulation at physical and cognitive level, in order to maximize the bio, psycho and social well-being, ensuring a higher quality of life throughout the aging process. This study elected as main goal to comprehend and verify the effects of the practice of cognitive and physical activity on quality of life of institutionalized elderly. The research also aims to assess the different settings around the concept of quality of life, the perception that these individuals have on their own quality of life, comparing that perception before and after being subjected to an intervention program. The empirical study is based on a quantitative methodology, using the Quality of Life Scale Easy-Care Standard 2010, and a qualitative methodology, using the technique of in-depth, semi-structured and semi-directive applied interview. The sample consisted of 10 elderly, aged between 66 and 87 years, residing in a REOP settled in Porto area. The study results suggest that physical activity and cognitive stimulation enabled a healthy occupation of daily time, favouring the bio, psycho and social well-being. Consequently after stimulation sessions, the participants started to assess their quality of life in more positive terms, as can be observed when compared the findings of the first application of Easy-Care to the findings of the second application.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Serviço Social
Keywords
Envelhecimento Estimulação física e cognitiva Qualidade de vida Aging Physical and cognitive stimulation Quality of life