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A arquitetura que não distorce a paisagem: integração da sustentabilidade ao projeto de arquitetura
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| 10.44 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A paisagem é um conceito que sempre existiu, mas que, ao longo do tempo, e com o desenvolvimento da Humanidade, se foi adaptando aos diferentes contextos. O desenvolvimento acelerado do mundo, à escala global, levou a que o conceito evoluísse e houvesse a necessidade de o representar a três dimensões, através de filme e fotografia. Atualmente, a paisagem natural define-se por um espaço físico constituída por elementos naturais. Tem em si uma grande importância, pois torna-se no local onde o Ser Humano se consegue instalar, viver e experienciar diferentes sensações.
A arquitetura passa então a ser um elemento presente na paisagem com mais frequência, representando as ações executadas pelo Ser Humano. Consequentemente, é necessário que haja um equilíbrio entre a arquitetura e o meio natural, para que o impacto negativo seja diminuído e as características naturais do espaço se mantenham presentes. A arquitetura, inserida na paisagem natural, evidencia pontos positivos, como a proteção do meio natural, através de infraestruturas que possibilitam a visita ao local em segurança. Contudo, também pode significar pontos negativos, como a destruição excessiva de biodiversidade, quando o projeto não tem em consideração o que o rodeia.
A sustentabilidade foca-se na proteção dos ecossistemas e criação de melhores condições para as gerações futuras. Este termo assume uma pluralidade de significados, podendo ser aplicado a nível económico, político, cultural ou social. Tem ainda um valor acrescido, uma vez que representa um equilíbrio essencial, destacando possíveis problemas associados ao Ser humano, quando este intervém num meio natural.
No que se refere à metodologia, foi aplicada uma abordagem (qualitativa) de estudo de caso. Assim, foram selecionados e analisados oito projetos, nacionais e internacionais inseridos numa paisagem natural, aos quais foi aplicada uma matriz focada nos vários conceitos estudados. Todos estes são exemplo da arquitetura que não distorce a paisagem. Analisando o seu impacto visual na paisagem, respeito pelos recursos naturais e pelo impacto da solução construtiva dos projetos, concluímos que a integração entre a arquitetura e a natureza torna-se cada vez mais, um elemento fundamental na vida urbana, proporcionando um maior contacto com o meio ambiente e melhor qualidade de vida para aqueles que o habitam.
Landscape is a concept that has always existed, but that over time, and with the development of humanity, has been adapted to different contexts. The accelerated development of the world, on a global scale, led the concept to evolve and there was a need to represent it in three dimensions, through film and photography. Currently, the natural landscape is defined by a physical space made up of natural elements. It has in itself a great importance, because it becomes the place where the Human Being can settle, live and experience different sensations. Architecture then becomes an element present in the landscape more often, representing the actions performed by the Human Being. Consequently, it is necessary to have a balance between architecture and the natural environment, so that the negative impact is reduced and the natural characteristics of the space are maintained. The architecture, inserted in the natural landscape, highlights positive points, such as the protection of the natural environment, through infrastructures that make it possible to visit the site safely. However, it can also mean negatives, such as excessive destruction of biodiversity, when the project does not take into consideration its surroundings. Sustainability focuses on protecting ecosystems and creating better conditions for future generations. This term assumes a plurality of meanings, and can be applied on an economic, political, cultural or social level. It also has an added value, since it represents an essential balance, highlighting possible problems associated with humans when they intervene in a natural environment. Regarding methodology, a (qualitative) case study approach was applied. Thus, eight national and international projects inserted in a natural landscape were selected and analyzed, to which a matrix focused on the various concepts studied was applied. All of these are examples of architecture that does not distort the landscape. Analyzing their visual impact on the landscape, respect for natural resources and the impact of the constructive solution of the projects, we conclude that the integration between architecture and nature becomes more and more, a fundamental element in urban life, providing a greater contact with the environment and better quality of life for those who inhabit it.
Landscape is a concept that has always existed, but that over time, and with the development of humanity, has been adapted to different contexts. The accelerated development of the world, on a global scale, led the concept to evolve and there was a need to represent it in three dimensions, through film and photography. Currently, the natural landscape is defined by a physical space made up of natural elements. It has in itself a great importance, because it becomes the place where the Human Being can settle, live and experience different sensations. Architecture then becomes an element present in the landscape more often, representing the actions performed by the Human Being. Consequently, it is necessary to have a balance between architecture and the natural environment, so that the negative impact is reduced and the natural characteristics of the space are maintained. The architecture, inserted in the natural landscape, highlights positive points, such as the protection of the natural environment, through infrastructures that make it possible to visit the site safely. However, it can also mean negatives, such as excessive destruction of biodiversity, when the project does not take into consideration its surroundings. Sustainability focuses on protecting ecosystems and creating better conditions for future generations. This term assumes a plurality of meanings, and can be applied on an economic, political, cultural or social level. It also has an added value, since it represents an essential balance, highlighting possible problems associated with humans when they intervene in a natural environment. Regarding methodology, a (qualitative) case study approach was applied. Thus, eight national and international projects inserted in a natural landscape were selected and analyzed, to which a matrix focused on the various concepts studied was applied. All of these are examples of architecture that does not distort the landscape. Analyzing their visual impact on the landscape, respect for natural resources and the impact of the constructive solution of the projects, we conclude that the integration between architecture and nature becomes more and more, a fundamental element in urban life, providing a greater contact with the environment and better quality of life for those who inhabit it.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura Paisagem natural Sustentabilidade Ser humano Impacto ambiental Architecture Natural landscape Sustainability Human being Environmental impact