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Publication
Anorexia associada ao cancro
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_27297 | 554.32 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O cancro consiste na divisão celular descontrolada, tornando as células cada vez mais anormais e formando uma massa denominada de tumor que pode ser benigno (não cancerígeno) ou maligno (cancerígeno). A patologia, os tratamentos e a má adaptação do organismo a estes causam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do doente, podendo desencadear inúmeros efeitos adversos nomeadamente, anorexia com posterior perda de tecido adiposo, perda de massa muscular e inflamação sistémica desencadeando um síndrome multifactorial designado de caquexia.
A “caquexia” é caracterizada por uma perda de massa corporal e massa muscular, com ou sem perda de tecido adiposo, inflamação crónica, desarranjos metabólicos, diminuição do apetite, diminuição da atividade física e redução da qualidade de vida.
A incidência da perda de peso na caquexia oncológica varia com a localização do tumor, sendo os tumores sólidos os cancros com maior prevalência como é o caso do cancro do pâncreas e o cancro do estômago.
O seu diagnóstico deve ter em conta diferentes parâmetros, nomeadamente presença de doença crónica subjacente, perda de massa corporal superior a 5% em 6 meses ou menos e presença de fadiga, anorexia, baixo índice de massa livre de gordura ou bioquímica alterada. Sendo um síndrome multifactorial têm sido testados diversos fármacos e terapias para diminuir a anorexia associada ao cancro que devem incidir num aumento da massa corporal magra e num aumento do apetite de forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida do doente.
Quanto à terapia farmacológica, os progestagénios são os agentes de primeira linha, os corticosteroides aumentam o apetite e os agentes anabólicos conferem efeitos positivos no peso corporal e massa corporal magra.
Cancer consists of an uncontrolled cell division, making the cells increasingly abnormal and forming a mass called a tumor that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The pathology, treatments and maladaptation of the organism to them cause a negative impact on the quality of life of the patient, and can trigger numerous adverse effects namely, anorexia with subsequent loss of adipose tissue, loss of muscle mass and systemic inflammation triggering a multifactorial syndrome called cachexia. "Cachexia" is characterized by loss of body mass and muscle mass, with or without loss of adipose tissue, chronic inflammation, metabolic derangements, decreased appetite, decreased physical activity and reduced quality of life. The incidence of weight loss in cancer cachexia varies with the location of the tumor, with solid tumors being the most prevalent cancers such as pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer. Their diagnosis should take into account different parameters, such as presence of underlying chronic disease, loss of body mass greater than 5% in 6 months or less and presence of fatigue, anorexia, low fat free mass index or altered biochemistry. As a multifactor syndrome, a number of drugs and therapies have been tested to decrease cancer-associated anorexia that should increase lean body mass and increase appetite to improve the patient's quality of life. As for pharmacological therapy, progestogens are the first-line agents, corticosteroids increase appetite and anabolic agents confer positive effects on body weight and lean body mass.
Cancer consists of an uncontrolled cell division, making the cells increasingly abnormal and forming a mass called a tumor that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The pathology, treatments and maladaptation of the organism to them cause a negative impact on the quality of life of the patient, and can trigger numerous adverse effects namely, anorexia with subsequent loss of adipose tissue, loss of muscle mass and systemic inflammation triggering a multifactorial syndrome called cachexia. "Cachexia" is characterized by loss of body mass and muscle mass, with or without loss of adipose tissue, chronic inflammation, metabolic derangements, decreased appetite, decreased physical activity and reduced quality of life. The incidence of weight loss in cancer cachexia varies with the location of the tumor, with solid tumors being the most prevalent cancers such as pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer. Their diagnosis should take into account different parameters, such as presence of underlying chronic disease, loss of body mass greater than 5% in 6 months or less and presence of fatigue, anorexia, low fat free mass index or altered biochemistry. As a multifactor syndrome, a number of drugs and therapies have been tested to decrease cancer-associated anorexia that should increase lean body mass and increase appetite to improve the patient's quality of life. As for pharmacological therapy, progestogens are the first-line agents, corticosteroids increase appetite and anabolic agents confer positive effects on body weight and lean body mass.