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Literacia em Saúde: um estudo sobre a população idosa portuguesa
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Abstract(s)
A literacia em saúde é definida como a capacidade para aceder, comunicar, compreender, gerir, refletir e tomar decisões relativas à saúde. Estando ligada aos conceitos de empoderamento (empowering) e pensamento crítico. Tendo a mesma, um papel incontornável para obtenção de bons resultados e promoção da saúde dos indivíduos. O presente estudo está organizado em duas partes. A primeira, consiste num estudo de revisão da literatura, que tem como objetivo, conhecer o nível de literacia em saúde na população idosa portuguesa, levando em consideração algumas variáveis sociodemogréficas e clínicas. Deste estudo, os resultados mostram que prevalece na população idosa portuguesa um nível insuficiente de literacia em saúde, o que sugere dificuldades e falhas, na compreensão das informações de saúde, tendo estes indivíduos algumas características comuns, como: idade avançada, baixa escolaridade, baixos níveis de estuto socioeconómico, indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença e idosos com menor perceção de qualidade de vida. A segunda parte se refere a um estudo empírico, que tem como objetivo geral, conhecer o nível de literacia em saúde na população idosa portuguesa, como o nível de literacia segundo os domínios da literacia em saúde funcional, comunicacional e crítica, tendo em consideração algumas características sociodemográficas dos participantes. Foi analisada uma amostra de conveniência composta por 90 idosos, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e clínio, e as Escalas Breves de Literacia em Saúde (ELS). Os resultados indicam, que os idosos que participaram no estudo, possuem um nível mediano de literacia em saúde geral (M=3,01; DP=0,60) igualmente nos três domínios da literacia em saúde; literacia funcional (M= 2,97; DP=0,62), Literacia crítica (M=2,98; DP=0,67) e literacia comunicacional (M=3,05; DP=0,64), sendo esta última, que apresentam melhores resultados. Os resultados revelam também, que há associação entre algumas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, como, a escolaridade, diagnóstico de doença e o grau de perceção de saúde com os níveis de literacia em saúde obtidos pelos idosos.
Health literacy is defined as the ability to access, communicate, understand, manage, reflect, and make health decisions. Being linked to the concepts of empowerment and critical thinking. Having the same, an indispensable role for obtaining good results and promoting the health of individuals. The present study is organized in two parts. The first one consists of a review of the literature, whose objective is to know the level of health literacy in the Portuguese elderly population, taking into account some sociodemographic and clinical variables. From this study, the results show that an insufficient level of health literacy prevails in the Portuguese elderly population, which suggests difficulties and failures in the understanding of health information, and these individuals have some common characteristics, such as advanced age, low educational level, low levels of socioeconomic status, individuals diagnosed with disease, and the elderly with a lower quality of life perception. The second part refers to an empirical study, whose general objective is to know the level of health literacy in the Portuguese elderly population, as the level of literacy according to the domains of functional, communicational and critical health literacy, taking into account some sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. A convenience sample composed of 90 elderly people, who answered a sociodemographic and cliniary questionnaire, and the Health Literacy Scale (ELS) were analyzed. The results indicate that the elderly who participated in the study had a median level of general health literacy (M = 3.01; SD = 0.60) in all three domains of health literacy; functional literacy (M = 2.97, SD = 0.62), critical literacy (M = 2.98, SD = 0.67) and communication literacy (M = 3.05, SD = 0.64). last, which present better results. The results also reveal that there is an association between some sociodemographic and clinical variables, such as schooling, diagnosis of disease and degree of health perception with the levels of health literacy obtained by the elderly.
Health literacy is defined as the ability to access, communicate, understand, manage, reflect, and make health decisions. Being linked to the concepts of empowerment and critical thinking. Having the same, an indispensable role for obtaining good results and promoting the health of individuals. The present study is organized in two parts. The first one consists of a review of the literature, whose objective is to know the level of health literacy in the Portuguese elderly population, taking into account some sociodemographic and clinical variables. From this study, the results show that an insufficient level of health literacy prevails in the Portuguese elderly population, which suggests difficulties and failures in the understanding of health information, and these individuals have some common characteristics, such as advanced age, low educational level, low levels of socioeconomic status, individuals diagnosed with disease, and the elderly with a lower quality of life perception. The second part refers to an empirical study, whose general objective is to know the level of health literacy in the Portuguese elderly population, as the level of literacy according to the domains of functional, communicational and critical health literacy, taking into account some sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. A convenience sample composed of 90 elderly people, who answered a sociodemographic and cliniary questionnaire, and the Health Literacy Scale (ELS) were analyzed. The results indicate that the elderly who participated in the study had a median level of general health literacy (M = 3.01; SD = 0.60) in all three domains of health literacy; functional literacy (M = 2.97, SD = 0.62), critical literacy (M = 2.98, SD = 0.67) and communication literacy (M = 3.05, SD = 0.64). last, which present better results. The results also reveal that there is an association between some sociodemographic and clinical variables, such as schooling, diagnosis of disease and degree of health perception with the levels of health literacy obtained by the elderly.
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Keywords
Literacia Saúde Idosos Portugal Literacy Health Elderly