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As artérias carótidas são responsáveis pela irrigação sanguínea do cérebro e das estruturas craniofaciais. A presença de calcificações nestes vasos, geralmente associada à aterosclerose, representa um marcador de risco aumentado para eventos vasculares, como o acidente vascular cerebral ou o enfarte do miocárdio. A deteção incidental destas calcificações por meio de exames imagiológicos pode contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce de doença cardiovascular ou cerebrovascular subclínica. A ortopantomografia, exame de imagem amplamente utilizado em medicina dentária, permite, em alguns casos, a visualização de calcificações localizadas na região da bifurcação carotídea. Diversos estudos sugerem que estas observações radiográficas podem estar associadas à presença de fatores de risco sistémicos, tais como hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabagismo e idade avançada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica, visando a deteção de calcificações da artéria carótida por meio da ortopantomografia, a identificação dos critérios radiográficos utilizados para o seu diagnóstico e a análise da sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovasculares. A pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Cochrane Library, utilizando descritores MeSH combinados com operadores booleanos. Aplicaram-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente definidos, tendo sido incluídos dezoito estudos observacionais publicados entre 2015 e 2025, em português, inglês ou francês, com população adulta. Os resultados sugerem que a ortopantomografia pode constituir uma ferramenta complementar útil para a deteção precoce de sinais radiográficos sugestivos de calcificações da artéria carótida em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular, reforçando a importância da atuação preventiva do médico dentista no contexto da saúde sistémica.
The carotid arteries are responsible for the blood supply to the brain and craniofacial structures. The presence of calcifications in these vessels, usually associated with atherosclerosis, represents a marker of increased risk for vascular events, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. The incidental detection of such calcifications through imaging exams may contribute to the early diagnosis of subclinical cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Panoramic radiography, an imaging test widely used in dental medicine, allows, in some cases, the visualization of calcifications located in the carotid bifurcation region. Several studies suggest that these radiographic findings may be associated with systemic risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and advanced age. This study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the scientific literature regarding the detection of carotid artery calcifications through panoramic radiography, the identification of radiographic criteria used for their diagnosis, and the analysis of their association with cardiovascular risk factors. The research was conducted in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library databases, using MeSH descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the inclusion of eighteen observational studies published between 2015 and 2025, in Portuguese, English, or French, involving adult populations. The results suggest that panoramic radiography may serve as a useful complementary tool for the early detection of radiographic signs suggestive of carotid artery calcifications in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, reinforcing the importance of the dentist’s preventive role within the broader context of systemic health.
The carotid arteries are responsible for the blood supply to the brain and craniofacial structures. The presence of calcifications in these vessels, usually associated with atherosclerosis, represents a marker of increased risk for vascular events, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. The incidental detection of such calcifications through imaging exams may contribute to the early diagnosis of subclinical cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Panoramic radiography, an imaging test widely used in dental medicine, allows, in some cases, the visualization of calcifications located in the carotid bifurcation region. Several studies suggest that these radiographic findings may be associated with systemic risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and advanced age. This study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the scientific literature regarding the detection of carotid artery calcifications through panoramic radiography, the identification of radiographic criteria used for their diagnosis, and the analysis of their association with cardiovascular risk factors. The research was conducted in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library databases, using MeSH descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the inclusion of eighteen observational studies published between 2015 and 2025, in Portuguese, English, or French, involving adult populations. The results suggest that panoramic radiography may serve as a useful complementary tool for the early detection of radiographic signs suggestive of carotid artery calcifications in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, reinforcing the importance of the dentist’s preventive role within the broader context of systemic health.
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Calcificações da artéria carótida Radiografia panorâmica Doenças cardiovasculares Fatores de risco Hipertensão Diabetes Mellitus Carotid artery calcifications Panoramic radiography Cardiovascular diseases Risk factors Hypertension
