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Publication
Transmissão intergeracional da violência: o contexto familiar, as relações de intimidade e as crenças dos jovens
Authors
Oliveira, Madalena Sofia Alves de
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
É normalmente no contexto familiar que se estabelecem as primeiras relações. É neste
contexto que surgem, muitas vezes, os primeiros comportamentos abusivos. É, também,
neste contexto que muitos dos comportamentos são aprendidos e muitas vezes
reproduzidos quer nas suas relações íntimas, quer com o grupo de pares.
A relevância atual do tema resulta, sobretudo, da construção social e científica desse
tipo de vitimação. Na parte teórica deste trabalho, após analisarmos criticamente a
questão da transmissão intergeracional da violência, investigamos a violência na família
de origem, a violência nas relações de intimidade e as crenças que os jovens possuem
acerca da violência. Apresentamos o estado da arte sobre o fenómeno, tecendo algumas
considerações sobre os vários estudos realizados a nível nacional e internacional durante
os últimos 6 anos. Discutimos também crenças e representações sociais da violência nas
relações íntimas, que merecem igualmente a nossa atenção, as várias abordagens
teóricas à transmissão intergeracional da violência e fatores mediadores.
Depois disso, e já no plano empírico pretendemos com este estudo contribuir para um maior conhecimento do fenómeno da transmissão intergeracional da violência, tendo em conta o contexto familiar, as relações de intimidade e as crenças evidencias pelos
jovens. Para tal, recorremos a uma amostra de 1476 jovens, com idades compreendidas
entre os 15 e os 20 anos, dos distritos de Aveiro, Braga, Bragança, Porto, Viana do
Castelo e Vila Real e que frequentam o ensino secundário e profissional. Utilizamos
para o efeito três instrumentos: Inventário de Violência Conjugal (IVC-2); Escala de
Crenças da Criança sobre a Violência (ECCV) e a Escala de Sinalização do Ambiente
Natural Infantil (SANI).Em geral, os resultados vêm corroborar a revisão da literatura efetuada, no sentido em
que comprova que a exposição à violência no contexto familiar, pode ser considerado
um preditor de violência nas relações íntimas dos jovens. Os resultados revelam ainda
uma correlação positiva, estatisticamente significativa entre a agressão e a vitimação
nas relações íntimas e a legitimação de comportamentos violentos por parte dos jovens.
Estes resultados permitiram concluir que, não obstante as campanhas e sensibilização
junto desta população-alvo, ainda muito há a fazer para colmatar de forma eficaz este
fenómeno.
It is usually in the family context where the first human relationships are established. It is in this context that, often, the first abusive behaviours take place. It is also in this context that several behaviours are learned and reproduced, both in their intimate relations and in the group of pairs. The current relevance of the topic results, mainly, from the social and scientific construction of this type of victimization. In the theoretical part of this study, having critically analyzed the issue of intergenerational transmission of violence, we research violence in the family of origin, violence in intimate relationships and the beliefs young people have about violence. We present the state of the art on the phenomenon, raising some points on the various studies carried out at a national and an international level over the past 6 years. We further discuss the beliefs and social representations of violence in intimate relationships, which equally warrant our attention, the various theoretical approaches to the intergenerational transmission of violence and mediating factors.Afterwards, and now on an empirical level, with this study we aim at contributing to a greater understanding of the phenomenon of the intergenerational transmission of violence, taking into consideration the family context, the intimate relationships and the beliefs presented by young people. For this purpose, we used a sample of 1476 youths, aged between 15 and 20, from the districts of Aveiro, Braga, Bragança, Porto, Viana do Castelo e Vila Real, and who attend secondary and professional schools. For the purpose of this study, we used three instruments: the Spousal Violence Inventory (IVC- 2); the Child’s Beliefs on Violence Scale (ECCV) and the Children's Natural Environment Signaling Scale (SANI). Overall, results corroborate the literature review, demonstrating that exposure to violence within the family can be considered a predictor of violence in young people’s intimate relationships. Results also show a statistically significant positive correlation between aggression and victimization in intimate relationships and the legitimization of violent behavior by young people. These results lead us to conclude that despite the campaigns and awareness among this target population, there is still much to be done in order to effectively fight this phenomenon.
C’est normalement dans le contexte familial que s’établissent les premières relations, et c’est dans ce contexte qu’apparaissent fréquemment les premiers comportements abusifs. C’est également dans ce contexte que la plupart des comportements sont appris et souvent reproduits, tant dans les relations intimes qu’à travers les groupes de pairs. L’intérêt actuel du thème abordé résulte surtout de la construction sociale et scientifique de ce type de victimisation. Dans la partie théorique de ce travail, et après avoir analysé de façon critique la question de la transmission intergénérationelle de la violence, nous approfondissons la violence dans la famille d’origine, la violence dans les relations intimes, et les croyances que possèdent les jeunes à l’égard de la violence. Nous présentons l'état des connaissances sur ce phénomène, en développant une étude sur les diverses recherches réalisées aux plans national et international au cours des six dernières années. Nous abordons également les croyances et représentations sociales de la violence dans les relations intimes, en attachant un soin spécifique aux divers modes théoriques d’aborder la transmission intergénérationnelle et les facteurs de transmission. Au plan empirique, la démarche suivie dans cette étude vise une meilleure connaissance du phénomène de la transmission intergénérationnelle de la violence, en tenant compte du contexte familial, des relations intimes, et des croyances présentes chez les jeunes. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours à un échantillon de 1476 jeunes, dont les âges sont compris entre 15 et 20 ans, résidents dans les dictricts de Aveiro, Braga, Bragance, Porto, Viana do Castelo er Vila Real, et inscrits dans les lycées polyvalents et techniques. Nous avons utilisé trois outils de recherche: l’Inventaire de la violence conjugale (IVC-2); l’Échelle de croyances de l’enfant sur la violence (ECCV); et l’Échelle de signalisation de l’enfant dans son environnement naturel (SANI). D’une façon générale, les résultats obtenus viennent confirmer les sources scientifiques déjà disponibles, en permettant en particulier de vérifier que l’exposition à la violence en contexte familial peut être considérée comme un prédicteur de la violence dans les relations intimes des jeunes. Les résultats révèlent ainsi une corrélation positive, statistiquement significative, entre l’aggression et la victime dans les relations intimes, d’une part, et la légitimation des comportements violentes par les jeunes, d’autre part. Ces résultats permettent de conclure que, malgré les campagnes de sensibilisation de cette population-cible, il y a encore fort à faire pour colmater efficacement la transmission de la violence dans les relations intimes.
It is usually in the family context where the first human relationships are established. It is in this context that, often, the first abusive behaviours take place. It is also in this context that several behaviours are learned and reproduced, both in their intimate relations and in the group of pairs. The current relevance of the topic results, mainly, from the social and scientific construction of this type of victimization. In the theoretical part of this study, having critically analyzed the issue of intergenerational transmission of violence, we research violence in the family of origin, violence in intimate relationships and the beliefs young people have about violence. We present the state of the art on the phenomenon, raising some points on the various studies carried out at a national and an international level over the past 6 years. We further discuss the beliefs and social representations of violence in intimate relationships, which equally warrant our attention, the various theoretical approaches to the intergenerational transmission of violence and mediating factors.Afterwards, and now on an empirical level, with this study we aim at contributing to a greater understanding of the phenomenon of the intergenerational transmission of violence, taking into consideration the family context, the intimate relationships and the beliefs presented by young people. For this purpose, we used a sample of 1476 youths, aged between 15 and 20, from the districts of Aveiro, Braga, Bragança, Porto, Viana do Castelo e Vila Real, and who attend secondary and professional schools. For the purpose of this study, we used three instruments: the Spousal Violence Inventory (IVC- 2); the Child’s Beliefs on Violence Scale (ECCV) and the Children's Natural Environment Signaling Scale (SANI). Overall, results corroborate the literature review, demonstrating that exposure to violence within the family can be considered a predictor of violence in young people’s intimate relationships. Results also show a statistically significant positive correlation between aggression and victimization in intimate relationships and the legitimization of violent behavior by young people. These results lead us to conclude that despite the campaigns and awareness among this target population, there is still much to be done in order to effectively fight this phenomenon.
C’est normalement dans le contexte familial que s’établissent les premières relations, et c’est dans ce contexte qu’apparaissent fréquemment les premiers comportements abusifs. C’est également dans ce contexte que la plupart des comportements sont appris et souvent reproduits, tant dans les relations intimes qu’à travers les groupes de pairs. L’intérêt actuel du thème abordé résulte surtout de la construction sociale et scientifique de ce type de victimisation. Dans la partie théorique de ce travail, et après avoir analysé de façon critique la question de la transmission intergénérationelle de la violence, nous approfondissons la violence dans la famille d’origine, la violence dans les relations intimes, et les croyances que possèdent les jeunes à l’égard de la violence. Nous présentons l'état des connaissances sur ce phénomène, en développant une étude sur les diverses recherches réalisées aux plans national et international au cours des six dernières années. Nous abordons également les croyances et représentations sociales de la violence dans les relations intimes, en attachant un soin spécifique aux divers modes théoriques d’aborder la transmission intergénérationnelle et les facteurs de transmission. Au plan empirique, la démarche suivie dans cette étude vise une meilleure connaissance du phénomène de la transmission intergénérationnelle de la violence, en tenant compte du contexte familial, des relations intimes, et des croyances présentes chez les jeunes. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours à un échantillon de 1476 jeunes, dont les âges sont compris entre 15 et 20 ans, résidents dans les dictricts de Aveiro, Braga, Bragance, Porto, Viana do Castelo er Vila Real, et inscrits dans les lycées polyvalents et techniques. Nous avons utilisé trois outils de recherche: l’Inventaire de la violence conjugale (IVC-2); l’Échelle de croyances de l’enfant sur la violence (ECCV); et l’Échelle de signalisation de l’enfant dans son environnement naturel (SANI). D’une façon générale, les résultats obtenus viennent confirmer les sources scientifiques déjà disponibles, en permettant en particulier de vérifier que l’exposition à la violence en contexte familial peut être considérée comme un prédicteur de la violence dans les relations intimes des jeunes. Les résultats révèlent ainsi une corrélation positive, statistiquement significative, entre l’aggression et la victime dans les relations intimes, d’une part, et la légitimation des comportements violentes par les jeunes, d’autre part. Ces résultats permettent de conclure que, malgré les campagnes de sensibilisation de cette population-cible, il y a encore fort à faire pour colmater efficacement la transmission de la violence dans les relations intimes.
Description
Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em Psicologia
Keywords
Violência Intergeracionalidade Intimidade Crenças Jovens Violence Intergenerational Intimate Beliefs Young people Violence Intergénérationnel Intimité Croyances Jeunes