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Relação entre os microrganismos e o desenvolvimento de neoplasias orais: revisão integrativa
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_35363 | 486.39 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Objetivo: A microbiota oral tem sido reconhecida como um fator potencialmente implicado no desenvolvimento das neoplasias orais, especialmente o carcinoma espinocelular. Diversos estudos têm investigado a composição e a função da microbiota em tecidos tumorais e em amostras de saliva, evidenciando alterações significativas na comunidade microbiana associadas ao cancro. Esta revisão integrativa teve como objetivo analisar criticamente as evidências disponíveis sobre a relação entre os microrganismos orais e o desenvolvimento das neoplasias da cavidade oral.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, selecionando estudos que avaliaram a microbiota oral em pacientes com cancro oral. Foram incluídos 9 artigos que abordaram tanto aspetos taxonómicos quanto funcionais da microbiota.
Resultados: Os estudos analisados demonstraram um padrão de disbiose, caracterizado pelo aumento de microrganismos pró-inflamatórios e potencialmente patogénicos, como Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella spp. e Peptostreptococcus spp. e pela redução de microrganismos comensais, como Streptococcus spp. e Neisseria spp.. Alguns estudos identificaram uma correlação entre a composição microbiana e o estadiamento tumoral, enquanto outros sugeriram possíveis relações causais com base em análises genéticas. Contudo, os dados disponíveis são ainda limitados por heterogeneidade metodológica e ausência de estudos longitudinais.
Conclusão: Assim, as alterações da microbiota oral estão fortemente associadas ao cancro da cavidade oral, podendo desempenhar um papel como biomarcador ou como fator coadjuvante na carcinogénese. Estudos futuros deverão explorar abordagens funcionais e intervenções de modulação da microbiota, de modo a elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos e ampliar as possibilidades de prevenção e tratamento.
Objective: The oral microbiota has been recognized as a factor potentially implicated in the development of oral neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma. Several studies have investigated the composition and function of the microbiota in tumor tissues and saliva samples, demonstrating significant changes in the microbial community associated with cancer. This integrative review aimed to critically analyze the available evidence on the relationship between oral microorganisms and the development of oral cavity neoplasms. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, selecting studies that evaluated the oral microbiota in patients with oral cancer. Nine articles were included, addressing both taxonomic and functional aspects of the microbiota. Results: The analyzed studies demonstrated a pattern of dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp., and a reduction in commensal microorganisms, such as Streptococcus spp. and Neisseria spp.. Some studies identified a correlation between microbial composition and tumor staging, while others suggested possible causal relationships based on genetic analyses. However, the available data are still limited by methodological heterogeneity and the lack of longitudinal studies. Conclusion: Thus, alterations in the oral microbiota are strongly associated with oral cavity cancer and may play a role as a biomarker or a contributing factor in carcinogenesis. Future studies should explore functional approaches and microbiota modulation interventions to elucidate the mechanisms involved and expand the possibilities for prevention and treatment.
Objective: The oral microbiota has been recognized as a factor potentially implicated in the development of oral neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma. Several studies have investigated the composition and function of the microbiota in tumor tissues and saliva samples, demonstrating significant changes in the microbial community associated with cancer. This integrative review aimed to critically analyze the available evidence on the relationship between oral microorganisms and the development of oral cavity neoplasms. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, selecting studies that evaluated the oral microbiota in patients with oral cancer. Nine articles were included, addressing both taxonomic and functional aspects of the microbiota. Results: The analyzed studies demonstrated a pattern of dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella spp., and Peptostreptococcus spp., and a reduction in commensal microorganisms, such as Streptococcus spp. and Neisseria spp.. Some studies identified a correlation between microbial composition and tumor staging, while others suggested possible causal relationships based on genetic analyses. However, the available data are still limited by methodological heterogeneity and the lack of longitudinal studies. Conclusion: Thus, alterations in the oral microbiota are strongly associated with oral cavity cancer and may play a role as a biomarker or a contributing factor in carcinogenesis. Future studies should explore functional approaches and microbiota modulation interventions to elucidate the mechanisms involved and expand the possibilities for prevention and treatment.
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Doenças orais Cancro oral Microrganismos orais Oral disease Oral cancer Oral microorganisms