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As infeções bacterianas associadas a próteses constituem um problema clínico cada vez mais relevante, especialmente quando surge a formação de biofilmes que dificultam o diagnóstico e o tratamento destas infeções. Os biofilmes são uma comunidade organizada de microrganismos, da mesma ou de diferentes espécies, revestidos por uma camada de proteção que lhes confere elevada resistência a antibióticos e ao sistema imunitário do hospedeiro. A presença de biofilmes em próteses envolve diversas complicações, desde o impacto económico até à necessidade de remoção da prótese. Desta forma, procura-se entender quais as espécies microbianas mais relevantes e prevalentes associadas a infeções protésicas, mecanismos de resistência dos biofilmes, fatores promotores da sua formação e potenciais tipos de biomateriais e terapêuticas eficientes para a minimização deste problema. Além disso, o farmacêutico representa cada vez mais um papel fundamental numa equipa multidisciplinar para o acompanhamento necessário aos doentes, na deteção de problemas associados à medicação e na reconciliação terapêutica. Nesse âmbito, este trabalho reflete uma revisão narrativa sobre a implicação que a formação de biofilmes bacterianos tem nas infeções em diferentes tipos de próteses com ênfase em possibilidades para a prevenção e alternativas de tratamento dos biofilmes, salientando a importância do estudo em estratégias inovadoras e da investigação contínua para a redução da morbilidade, melhoria do prognóstico dos doentes e diminuição dos custos associados a estas complicações.
Bacterial infections associated with prosthetic devices are a relevant clinical problem, especially when biofilm formation occurs, as it complicates both diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Biofilms are organized communities of microorganisms, of the same or different species, coated with a protective layer that confers them high resistance to antibiotics and to the host’s immune system. The presence of biofilms on different prosthesis leads to multiple complications, ranging from economic impact to the potential need for prosthesis removal. Therefore, it seeks to identify the most relevant and prevelant microbial species involved in prosthetic infections, the resistance mechanisms of biofilms, the factors that promote biofilm formation and potential types of biomaterials and/or therapeutic strategies to mitigate this issue. Furthermore, the pharmacist plays na increasingly key role in a multidisciplinary team, providing essential patient support, detecting medication-related problems and ensuring therapeutic reconciliation. In this context, the present work reflects a narrative review of the implications of bacterial biofilm formation in infections affecting different types of prosthesis with an emphasis on strategies for prevention and alternative treatments for biofilms, highlighting the importance of innovative strategies and continuous research to reduce morbidity, improve patient outcomes and reduce the costs associated with these complicated infections.
Bacterial infections associated with prosthetic devices are a relevant clinical problem, especially when biofilm formation occurs, as it complicates both diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Biofilms are organized communities of microorganisms, of the same or different species, coated with a protective layer that confers them high resistance to antibiotics and to the host’s immune system. The presence of biofilms on different prosthesis leads to multiple complications, ranging from economic impact to the potential need for prosthesis removal. Therefore, it seeks to identify the most relevant and prevelant microbial species involved in prosthetic infections, the resistance mechanisms of biofilms, the factors that promote biofilm formation and potential types of biomaterials and/or therapeutic strategies to mitigate this issue. Furthermore, the pharmacist plays na increasingly key role in a multidisciplinary team, providing essential patient support, detecting medication-related problems and ensuring therapeutic reconciliation. In this context, the present work reflects a narrative review of the implications of bacterial biofilm formation in infections affecting different types of prosthesis with an emphasis on strategies for prevention and alternative treatments for biofilms, highlighting the importance of innovative strategies and continuous research to reduce morbidity, improve patient outcomes and reduce the costs associated with these complicated infections.
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Biofilmes bacterianos Próteses Complicações Tratamento Bacterial biofilms Prosthesis Complications Treatment