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Estilos parentais e ansiedade em crianças com perturbação do espetro do autismo: um estudo exploratório
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| Dissertação de mestrado_41379 | 1.92 MB | Adobe PDF |
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A Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) caracteriza-se por dificuldades persistentes na comunicação e interação social, associadas a padrões restritos, repetitivos e estereotipados de comportamento (APA, 2022). Diversos estudos têm evidenciado a elevada prevalência de sintomatologia ansiosa nesta população, a qual, quando não identificada e acompanhada, pode comprometer significativamente o bem-estar emocional e a qualidade de vida da criança (Van Steensel et al., 2011). A parentalidade, enquanto fator estruturante no desenvolvimento emocional e comportamental, adquire particular importância no contexto do autismo, tendo os estilos parentais demonstrado influência na forma como a criança lida com as suas dificuldades e desafios emocionais (Karst & Van Hecke, 2012). O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre os estilos parentais e os níveis de ansiedade em crianças com PEA, procurando identificar eventuais associações com a sintomatologia ansiosa. Para tal, foi adotada uma metodologia quantitativa, com a participação de nove mães de crianças diagnosticadas com PEA, a quem foram aplicados um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o SCARED-R (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders – Revised) (Pereira et al., 2013) e o QDEP (Questionário de Dimensões e Estilos Parentais) (Pedro et al. 2015). A análise revelou resultados elevados nas subescalas de Perturbação de Pânico, Fobia Social e Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva, assim como a predominância do estilo parental autoritativo. Destaca-se a identificação de uma correlação positiva e significativa entre o estilo autoritativo do pai e os níveis de ansiedade da criança, um resultado que contraria o que é evidenciado pela literatura, sugerindo a necessidade de considerar variáveis contextuais e características específicas desta amostra. Este estudo, apesar das suas limitações, contribui para uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica familiar em crianças com PEA e da forma como os estilos parentais podem influenciar a expressão da sintomatologia ansiosa, salientando a importância de integrar a avaliação e o acompanhamento parental nas intervenções dirigidas a esta população. Por fim, são discutidos aspetos relevantes que justificam o aprofundamento em investigações futuras. Os resultados reforçam a pertinência de estudos com amostras mais amplas, de modo a clarificar o papel da parentalidade no bem-estar emocional de crianças com autismo.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by persistent difficulties in communication and social interaction, associated with restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour (APA, 2022). Several studies have shown the high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this population, which, when not identified and monitored, can significantly compromise the child's emotional well-being and quality of life (Van Steensel et al., 2011). Parenting, as a structuring factor in emotional and behavioural development, is particularly important in the context of autism, and parenting styles have been shown to influence the way children deal with their emotional difficulties and challenges (Karst & Van Hecke, 2012). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between parenting styles and anxiety levels in children with ASD, seeking to identify possible associations with anxiety symptoms. To this end, a quantitative methodology was adopted, with the participation of nine mothers of children diagnosed with ASD, who were given a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the SCARED-R (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Revised) (Pereira et al., 2013) and the QDEP (Questionnaire of Parenting Dimensions and Styles) (Pedro et al. 2015). The analysis revealed high scores in the Panic Disorder, Social Phobia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder subscales, as well as the predominance of authoritative parenting style. It is worth highlighting the identification of a positive and significant correlation between the father's authoritative style and the child's anxiety levels, a result that contradicts what is shown in the literature, suggesting the need to consider contextual variables and specific characteristics of this sample. This study, despite its limitations, contributes to a better understanding of family dynamics in children with ASD and how parenting styles can influence the expression of anxiety symptoms, emphasising the importance of integrating parental assessment and monitoring into interventions aimed at this population. Finally, relevant aspects that warrant further research are discussed. The results reinforce the relevance of studies with larger samples in order to clarify the role of parenting in the emotional well-being of children with autism.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterised by persistent difficulties in communication and social interaction, associated with restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour (APA, 2022). Several studies have shown the high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this population, which, when not identified and monitored, can significantly compromise the child's emotional well-being and quality of life (Van Steensel et al., 2011). Parenting, as a structuring factor in emotional and behavioural development, is particularly important in the context of autism, and parenting styles have been shown to influence the way children deal with their emotional difficulties and challenges (Karst & Van Hecke, 2012). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between parenting styles and anxiety levels in children with ASD, seeking to identify possible associations with anxiety symptoms. To this end, a quantitative methodology was adopted, with the participation of nine mothers of children diagnosed with ASD, who were given a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the SCARED-R (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Revised) (Pereira et al., 2013) and the QDEP (Questionnaire of Parenting Dimensions and Styles) (Pedro et al. 2015). The analysis revealed high scores in the Panic Disorder, Social Phobia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder subscales, as well as the predominance of authoritative parenting style. It is worth highlighting the identification of a positive and significant correlation between the father's authoritative style and the child's anxiety levels, a result that contradicts what is shown in the literature, suggesting the need to consider contextual variables and specific characteristics of this sample. This study, despite its limitations, contributes to a better understanding of family dynamics in children with ASD and how parenting styles can influence the expression of anxiety symptoms, emphasising the importance of integrating parental assessment and monitoring into interventions aimed at this population. Finally, relevant aspects that warrant further research are discussed. The results reinforce the relevance of studies with larger samples in order to clarify the role of parenting in the emotional well-being of children with autism.
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Perturbação do espetro do autismo Estilos parentais Ansiedade infantil Autism spectrum disorder Parenting styles Child anxiety