Loading...
Publication
Violência sexual baseada em imagens não consensuais: atitudes e crenças e experiência de vitimação em Portugal
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissertação de mestrado_36460 | 657.9 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação analisa o fenómeno do Abuso Sexual Baseado em Imagem (ASBI), uma forma crescente de ciberviolência, caracterizada pela divulgação, criação ou ameaça de partilha de conteúdos íntimos sem consentimento. A investigação integra dois estudos complementares: uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional e um estudo empírico centrado na realidade portuguesa. A revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar as crenças, atitudes e prevalência do ASBI, reunindo estudos publicados entre 2017 e 2024. Os resultados revelaram a persistência de crenças que culpabilizam a vítima e legitimam o comportamento do agressor. Identificou-se uma relação direta entre atitudes minimizadoras e práticas de ASBI, evidenciando a influência de normas sociais e estereótipos. Apesar disso, confirmou-se que o ASBI é uma realidade transversal e multifacetada, com implicações relevantes para a saúde mental das vítimas e para a necessidade de intervenção social e jurídica. O estudo empírico, realizado com uma amostra de 252 participantes, teve como objetivo analisar as crenças e atitudes face ao ASBI, bem como a prevalência e os impactos da vitimação. A maioria dos participantes rejeitou explicitamente o ASBI, mas persistem crenças conservadoras, sobretudo entre os homens e entre vítimas. Verificou-se uma tendência para a culpabilização da vítima e para a aceitação de ideias como a inevitabilidade da divulgação de conteúdos íntimos. No que respeita à prevalência, 8.7% dos participantes reportaram ter sido vítimas de ASBI, sendo as ameaças de divulgação o comportamento mais comum. Os agressores identificados foram maioritariamente homens (81.8%) e próximos da vítima (parceiros ou amigos). As motivações mais referidas incluíram controlo, imaturidade e vingança, refletindo dinâmicas de poder nas relações íntimas. Os impactos da vitimação revelaram-se significativos: humilhação, tristeza, insegurança, danos e dificuldades nas relações interpessoais e no contexto profissional. Tais consequências reforçam a necessidade de uma resposta multidimensional, que integre apoio psicológico, jurídico e educacional. Em conjunto, os dois estudos sublinham a urgência de investir na educação para o consentimento, em campanhas de sensibilização, na formação de profissionais e na criminalização eficaz de todas as formas de ASBI. No contexto português, onde esta forma de violência ainda é pouco estudada, torna-se imperativo aprofundar o conhecimento existente, de forma a desenvolver respostas adequadas às vítimas e prevenir futuras ocorrências.
This thesis examines the phenomenon of Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA), a growing form of cyberviolence characterized by the disclosure, creation or threat of sharing intimate content without consent. The research comprises two complementary studies: a systematic review of international literature and an empirical study focused on the Portuguese context. The systematic review aimed to analyses beliefs, attitudes, and prevalence of IBSA, compiling studies published between 2017 and 2024. The findings revealed the persistence of victim-blaming beliefs that legitimize perpetrators' behaviors. A direct link was identified between minimizing attitudes and engagement in IBSA, highlighting the influence of social norms and stereotypes. Despite these challenges, IBSA is confirmed to be a cross-cutting, multifaceted issue with significant implications for victims’ mental health, underlining the need for social and legal intervention. The empirical study, involving a sample of 252 participants, aimed to explore beliefs and attitudes towards IBSA, as well as the prevalence and impact of victimization. Although most participants explicitly rejected IBSA, conservative beliefs persist, particularly among men and victims. A tendency toward victim-blaming and acceptance of ideas such as the inevitability of content disclosure was observed. Regarding prevalence, 8.7% of participants reported having experienced IBSA, with threats of disclosure being the most common behavior. Most identified perpetrators were men (81.8%) and personally known to the victims (partners or friends). The most cited motivations included control, immaturity, and revenge, reflecting dynamics of power within intimate relationships. The impacts of victimization were significant, including humiliation, sadness, insecurity, reputational damage, and interpersonal and professional difficulties. These consequences reinforce the need for a multidimensional response encompassing psychological, legal, and educational support. Together, the two studies underscore the urgency of investing in consent education, awareness campaigns, professional training, and the effective criminalization of all forms of IBSA. In the Portuguese context, where this issue remains under-researched, it is crucial to deepen existing knowledge in order to develop adequate support strategies for victims and prevent future occurrences.
This thesis examines the phenomenon of Image-Based Sexual Abuse (IBSA), a growing form of cyberviolence characterized by the disclosure, creation or threat of sharing intimate content without consent. The research comprises two complementary studies: a systematic review of international literature and an empirical study focused on the Portuguese context. The systematic review aimed to analyses beliefs, attitudes, and prevalence of IBSA, compiling studies published between 2017 and 2024. The findings revealed the persistence of victim-blaming beliefs that legitimize perpetrators' behaviors. A direct link was identified between minimizing attitudes and engagement in IBSA, highlighting the influence of social norms and stereotypes. Despite these challenges, IBSA is confirmed to be a cross-cutting, multifaceted issue with significant implications for victims’ mental health, underlining the need for social and legal intervention. The empirical study, involving a sample of 252 participants, aimed to explore beliefs and attitudes towards IBSA, as well as the prevalence and impact of victimization. Although most participants explicitly rejected IBSA, conservative beliefs persist, particularly among men and victims. A tendency toward victim-blaming and acceptance of ideas such as the inevitability of content disclosure was observed. Regarding prevalence, 8.7% of participants reported having experienced IBSA, with threats of disclosure being the most common behavior. Most identified perpetrators were men (81.8%) and personally known to the victims (partners or friends). The most cited motivations included control, immaturity, and revenge, reflecting dynamics of power within intimate relationships. The impacts of victimization were significant, including humiliation, sadness, insecurity, reputational damage, and interpersonal and professional difficulties. These consequences reinforce the need for a multidimensional response encompassing psychological, legal, and educational support. Together, the two studies underscore the urgency of investing in consent education, awareness campaigns, professional training, and the effective criminalization of all forms of IBSA. In the Portuguese context, where this issue remains under-researched, it is crucial to deepen existing knowledge in order to develop adequate support strategies for victims and prevent future occurrences.
Description
Keywords
Abuso sexual baseado em imagem Ciberviolência Crenças e atitudes Vitimação digital Impacto psicológico Image-based sexual abuse Cyberviolence Social beliefs and attitudes Digital victimization Psychological impacts