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O impacto das atividades lúdicas e criativas na saúde psicológica e global nos idosos: um estudo retrospetivo
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Abstract(s)
O aumento da população idosa é uma realidade presente não só em Portugal, mas em todo o mundo, tornando-se, por isso, necessário proporcionar a esta faixa etária uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Investigações têm demonstrado um particular interesse pelo desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas e criativas que proporcionem à pessoa idosa benefícios em termos cognitivos, emocionais e sociais. Assim, esta dissertação procurou compreender em que medida as atividades desenvolvidas pelos idosos da Santa Casa da Misericórdia, contribuem, por um lado, para preservar as suas funções intelectuais e cognitivas e, por outro, se constituem um fator de promoção da saúde em termos globais.
O processo de recolha dos dados foi realizado num Lar da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, através de consulta documental do processo dos utentes, onde se pretendeu recolher dados relativos à participação dos mesmos em atividades, bem como os resultados psicométricos de dois instrumentos: o Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EGD). A amostra, por conveniência e não aleatória, é constituída por 29 idosos e estudo, retrospetivo e quantitativo, assenta numa análise temporal em três momentos: 2012, 2015 e 2017.
A amostra divide-se em dois grupos: os idosos que participam nas atividades lúdicas e criativas designado por “Grupo-Teste” (n = 14) e o grupo de idosos que não participa nas atividades lúdicas e criativas, designado por “Grupo-Controlo” (n = 15). O grupo-teste apresenta uma média de idades de 84,4 anos (DP = 6,4), sendo constituído por 28,6% indivíduos do sexo masculino e 71,4% do sexo feminino. O grupo-controlo apresenta uma média de idades de 84,0 anos (DP = 8,7) e foi constituído por 40,0% de indivíduos do sexo masculino e 60,0% do sexo feminino.
Os resultados indiciam uma melhoria significativa em termos da preservação e manutenção das funções cognitivas no grupo de idosos que participa nas atividades lúdicas e criativas. Contudo, em relação à sintomatologia depressiva, os resultados indicam que não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos, isto é, não existe uma relação entre a participação em atividades e a presença ou ausência de sintomatologia depressiva, embora estes resultados possam estar enviesados pela reduzida constituição da amostra. Assim, sugere-se em estudos futuros, o recurso a uma amostra de maior dimensão, de forma a que esta seja mais representativa.
The increase of the elderly population is a reality not only in Portugal, but also around the world, and it becomes necessary to provide to this age group a better quality of life. Research have shown a particular interest for the development of playful and creative activities that provide to the elderly cognitive, emotional and social benefits. So, this dissertation tried to understand how the activities developed by the elderly of Santa Casa da Misericordia contribute, on the one hand, to preserve their intellectual and cognitive functions and, on the other, represent a way to promote health in global terms. The data collecting process was carried out in a Santa Casa de Misericordia’s nursing home, through documentary analysis of the users’ process, where it was intended to collect data related to their participation in activities, as well as the psychometric results of two instruments: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The sample is by convenience and non-random and consists of 29 elderly, and the retrospective and quantitative study is based on a temporal analysis in three moments: 2012, 2015 and 2017. The sample is divided in two groups: the elderly that participate in playful and creative activities, called “Test Group” (n = 14), and the group of elderly that don’t participate in playful and creative activities, called “Control Group” (n = 15). The test group has a mean of ages of 84.4 years (SD = 6.4), and it is composed by 28.6% male individuals and 71.4% female individuals. The control group has a mean of ages of 84.0 years (SD = 8.7) andconsists of 40.0% male individuals and 60.0% female individuals. The results show a significant improvement in terms of the preservation and maintenance of cognitive functions in the elderly group that participates in playful and creative activities. However, regarding depressive symptoms, the results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups, so there is no relationship between participation in activities and the presence or absence of depressive symptoms, although these results may be biased by the reduced sample. So, it is suggested for future studies, the use of a larger sample, in order to be more representative.
The increase of the elderly population is a reality not only in Portugal, but also around the world, and it becomes necessary to provide to this age group a better quality of life. Research have shown a particular interest for the development of playful and creative activities that provide to the elderly cognitive, emotional and social benefits. So, this dissertation tried to understand how the activities developed by the elderly of Santa Casa da Misericordia contribute, on the one hand, to preserve their intellectual and cognitive functions and, on the other, represent a way to promote health in global terms. The data collecting process was carried out in a Santa Casa de Misericordia’s nursing home, through documentary analysis of the users’ process, where it was intended to collect data related to their participation in activities, as well as the psychometric results of two instruments: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The sample is by convenience and non-random and consists of 29 elderly, and the retrospective and quantitative study is based on a temporal analysis in three moments: 2012, 2015 and 2017. The sample is divided in two groups: the elderly that participate in playful and creative activities, called “Test Group” (n = 14), and the group of elderly that don’t participate in playful and creative activities, called “Control Group” (n = 15). The test group has a mean of ages of 84.4 years (SD = 6.4), and it is composed by 28.6% male individuals and 71.4% female individuals. The control group has a mean of ages of 84.0 years (SD = 8.7) andconsists of 40.0% male individuals and 60.0% female individuals. The results show a significant improvement in terms of the preservation and maintenance of cognitive functions in the elderly group that participates in playful and creative activities. However, regarding depressive symptoms, the results show that there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups, so there is no relationship between participation in activities and the presence or absence of depressive symptoms, although these results may be biased by the reduced sample. So, it is suggested for future studies, the use of a larger sample, in order to be more representative.
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Keywords
Idoso Envelhecimento Cognição Depressão Atividades lúdicas e criativas Elderly Aging Cognition Depression Playful and creative activities