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Serviço de apoio domiciliário: no contexto local de uma IPSS
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Abstract(s)
O panorama demográfico em Portugal num passado recente, bem como atualmente, caracteriza-se por um gradual aumento do peso das gerações séniores, e uma diminuição do peso das gerações mais jovens. Uma tendência sem precedentes na história, com importantes repercussões sociais, económicas e culturais.
De acordo com a Assembleia Mundial sobre o Envelhecimento, realizada em 2002, em Madrid:
“ Reconhecemos a necessidade de se conseguir progressivamente a plena realização do direito de todas as pessoas de desfrutar do máximo possível de saúde física e mental. O objetivo social de alcançar o grau mais alto possível de saúde é de suma importância em todo o mundo e, para que se torne realidade, é preciso adotar medidas em muitos setores sociais e económicos, fora do setor da saúde. Comprometemo-nos a proporcionar aos idosos acesso universal e igualitário aos cuidados médicos e aos serviços de saúde física e mental. As crescentes necessidades do processo de envelhecimento populacional trazem a exigência de novas políticas de cuidado e tratamento, promoção de meios saudáveis de vida e ambientes propícios. Promoveremos a independência, a capacitação dos idosos e incentivaremos todas as possibilidades de participação plena na sociedade. Reconhecemos a contribuição dos idosos ao desenvolvimento no desempenho do seu papel como guardiões”1.
As motivações para a realização do presente estudo facilmente se espelham na anterior declaração. Em matéria de ação social orientada para as pessoas idosas, o Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário existe numa lógica de proximidade, orientada para a manutenção das pessoas no seu meio habitual de vida. É uma alternativa à institucionalização e reposta a situações de isolamento, solidão e insegurança. Tem como fim prevenir o desenraizamento da pessoa em relação à sua família e amigos contribuindo para a sua qualidade de vida, sendo assim uma resposta social mais humana no que respeita ao contexto natural do idoso.
Os objetivos gerais deste estudo de caso são essencialmente a caracterização do Serviço de Apoio Domiciliário (SAD), principalmente no contexto específico de uma Instituição Particular de Solidariedade Social (IPSS); caracterizar os utentes desse serviço; caracterizar as prestadoras de cuidados; avaliar o grau de satisfação com o serviço e com a sua estrutura organizativa; identificar mutações no tempo e antecipar possíveis estratégias de ação futuras.
Para a recolha de dados utilizou-se amostra populacional os utentes recetores do SAD e as colaboradoras do mesmo serviço. A investigação obedeceu a uma metodologia mista (quantitativa e qualitativa), sendo utilizados como instrumentos de investigação observação, entrevista e inquéritos por questionário. No processo de tratamento de dados foram utilizados métodos de redução estatística e análise de conteúdo. Analisados os resultados, estes demonstram que a população beneficiária do SAD é maioritariamente feminina, de diversas idades sendo o serviço mais requisitado, a alimentação. Residem principalmente em ambiente rural, sendo a motivação para o pedido do serviço a incapacidade de realizar certas tarefas, e a iniciativa deste quase sempre por parte de familiares ou amigos.
O estudo divide-se em três partes: uma de contextualização teórica, outra de apresentação e exposição do estudo de caso e uma última de apresentação e análise de resultados, fechando-se com uma conclusão.
The Portuguese demographic reality in a recent past, as well as nowadays, is characterized by an increase of the proportion of older generations and a decrease of the younger one. This is a trend with no precedents in human history which leads to great social, economic and cultural repercussions. As said in the World Assembly on Ageing, held in 2002, in Madrid: “We recognize the need to achieve progressively a full realization of the right of all people to enjoy the maximum health possible, physically and mentally. The social goal of achieving the highest level of health possible throughout the world is of paramount importance and to become a reality, we need to adopt measures in many departments outside the health one.We pledge to provide older people with universal and equal access to medical care, as well as physical and mental health services. The growing needs of the aging population impose new policies requiring care and treatment, promoting healthy maintenance and enabling environments.We will promote independence, empowerment of the elderly and encourage all the possibilities for their full participation in society. We acknowledge the contribution of older people to develop the performance of their role as guardians”1. The motivations for the realization of the present study could easily be inspired by the previous statement.In the context of social work oriented geared to seniors, the Home Care is based in a proximity policy and it´s directed to maintaining the people in their usual way of life. It´s an alternative to institutionalization and it prevents isolation, avoids loneliness and insecurity. The big purpose of this kind of care is to prevent the uprooting of the person in relation to his family and friends, giving an important contribution to their quality of life. So, this is a humanly greater social response regarding the natural environment of the elderly. The goals of this study are the characterization of Home Care in the context of one Private Institution of Social Solidarity (IPSS); the characterization of the receivers of Home Care; characterization of the caregivers; evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the cares and its organizational structure; identify changes over the years and anticipate new action strategies aimed at higher quality in the future. For the collection of data, were chosen as sample the receivers oh the Home Care, as well as its caregivers. The research followed a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative). The instruments used were document research, observation, interview and questionnaire survey. The analysis of results indicates that most of the receivers are female of different ages and residing in rural environment. The service most provided is the delivery of the meals. The request of Home Care was done mostly by the person family or friends because of a greater or less dependence. The study is divided in three parts: a theoretical contextualization of the theme, an exposure of the problematic and a final presentation and analysis of the results, closing with brief remarks at the conclusion.
The Portuguese demographic reality in a recent past, as well as nowadays, is characterized by an increase of the proportion of older generations and a decrease of the younger one. This is a trend with no precedents in human history which leads to great social, economic and cultural repercussions. As said in the World Assembly on Ageing, held in 2002, in Madrid: “We recognize the need to achieve progressively a full realization of the right of all people to enjoy the maximum health possible, physically and mentally. The social goal of achieving the highest level of health possible throughout the world is of paramount importance and to become a reality, we need to adopt measures in many departments outside the health one.We pledge to provide older people with universal and equal access to medical care, as well as physical and mental health services. The growing needs of the aging population impose new policies requiring care and treatment, promoting healthy maintenance and enabling environments.We will promote independence, empowerment of the elderly and encourage all the possibilities for their full participation in society. We acknowledge the contribution of older people to develop the performance of their role as guardians”1. The motivations for the realization of the present study could easily be inspired by the previous statement.In the context of social work oriented geared to seniors, the Home Care is based in a proximity policy and it´s directed to maintaining the people in their usual way of life. It´s an alternative to institutionalization and it prevents isolation, avoids loneliness and insecurity. The big purpose of this kind of care is to prevent the uprooting of the person in relation to his family and friends, giving an important contribution to their quality of life. So, this is a humanly greater social response regarding the natural environment of the elderly. The goals of this study are the characterization of Home Care in the context of one Private Institution of Social Solidarity (IPSS); the characterization of the receivers of Home Care; characterization of the caregivers; evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the cares and its organizational structure; identify changes over the years and anticipate new action strategies aimed at higher quality in the future. For the collection of data, were chosen as sample the receivers oh the Home Care, as well as its caregivers. The research followed a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative). The instruments used were document research, observation, interview and questionnaire survey. The analysis of results indicates that most of the receivers are female of different ages and residing in rural environment. The service most provided is the delivery of the meals. The request of Home Care was done mostly by the person family or friends because of a greater or less dependence. The study is divided in three parts: a theoretical contextualization of the theme, an exposure of the problematic and a final presentation and analysis of the results, closing with brief remarks at the conclusion.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau Licenciada em Serviço Social
Keywords
Envelhecimento Pessoas idosas Serviço de apoio domiciliário Aging Older people Home care