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Novas estratégias utilizadas como promotores de crescimento na produção animal
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Um dos maiores desafios ao nível da exploração animal intensiva é a procura constante de condições que melhorem os índices económicos e zootécnicos, o que gerou uma certa dependência no que concerne ao uso de promotores de crescimento.
Durante muito anos, desde 1950, o recurso a antibióticos como promotores de crescimento em explorações pecuárias foi uma prática corrente. Contudo, a utilização abusiva destes compostos tornou-se uma preocupação devido à eminente possibilidade de risco para a saúde, tanto para a saúde humana como para a saúde animal, devido ao aparecimento de resistências, somando, ainda, os problemas de contaminação ambiental.
Nesta matéria, um dos precedentes positivo adotado pela União Europeia, no ano de 2006, foi a proibição do uso de antibióticos como promotores de crescimento. A simples supressão do uso de antibióticos com esta finalidade traria grandes consequências negativas e, com isto, existiu a necessidade de encontrar alternativas que culminem em resultados similares ou superiores aos antibióticos. Alguns exemplos desses substitutos incluem os ácidos orgânicos, os probióticos, os prebióticos, os simbióticos, as enzimas exógenas e os óleos essenciais.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte dos estudos que comprovam o potencial das alternativas referidas para serem usados como promotores de crescimento e a sua contribuição para a melhoria na saúde dos animais. Adicionalmente, a ação sinérgica entre as várias alternativas encontra-se também reportada em alguns estudos de produção animal.
In the intensive animal exploitation, one of the biggest challenges is the continuous search for conditions that improve economic and zootechnical indices, which has created some dependence on the use of growth promoters. For many years, since 1950, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock has been a common practice. However, the misuse of these compounds has become a concern due to the imminent prospect of risk to both human and animal health, the emergence of resistance and problems of environmental contamination. In this regard, one of the positive precedents adopted by the European Union, in 2006, was the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. The simple suppression of the use of antibiotics for this purpose would have major negative consequences and, therefore, it was necessary to find alternatives that result in similar or superior results to antibiotics as growth promoters. Examples of such substitutes include organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, exogenous enzymes and essential oils. This dissertation aims to present the state of the art of studies that prove the potential of the alternatives referred as growth promoters and their contribution to the improvement of animal health. Additionally, the synergistic action between the various alternatives is also reported in some animal production studies.
In the intensive animal exploitation, one of the biggest challenges is the continuous search for conditions that improve economic and zootechnical indices, which has created some dependence on the use of growth promoters. For many years, since 1950, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock has been a common practice. However, the misuse of these compounds has become a concern due to the imminent prospect of risk to both human and animal health, the emergence of resistance and problems of environmental contamination. In this regard, one of the positive precedents adopted by the European Union, in 2006, was the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. The simple suppression of the use of antibiotics for this purpose would have major negative consequences and, therefore, it was necessary to find alternatives that result in similar or superior results to antibiotics as growth promoters. Examples of such substitutes include organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, exogenous enzymes and essential oils. This dissertation aims to present the state of the art of studies that prove the potential of the alternatives referred as growth promoters and their contribution to the improvement of animal health. Additionally, the synergistic action between the various alternatives is also reported in some animal production studies.
Description
Keywords
Promotores de crescimento Ácidos orgânicos Probióticos Prebióticos Simbióticos Enzimas exógenas Óleos essenciais Growth promoters Organic acids Probiotics Prebiotics Symbiotics Exogenous enzymes Essential oils