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O Monte da Senhora da Guia e a arquitetura portuguesa da primeira metade do século XX
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação é o resultado duma investigação a um lugar, o Monte da Senhora da Guia, na Vila de Penacova, pertencente ao distrito de Coimbra. Acidente topográfico sobranceiro ao Mondego, com características únicas, permaneceu sempre à margem do aglomerado, sendo ocupado ao longo da história por poucas construções, com significados simbólicos, de militares a religiosos.
No século XX, o Monte manteve esse caráter especial, dando ao lugar o papel de ator principal, sendo a ele que competiu manter essa relação singular de respeito entre arquitetura, lugar e significado. Assim, na mudança de século, numa altura em que o Monte era coroado pela Capela da Nossa Senhora da Guia, surge o primeiro elemento dum novo conjunto arquitetónico, o Mirante Emídio da Silva, em 1908, implantado no extremo nascente. Mais tarde, entre 1930 e 1934, no seu cume é construído um edifício, primeiramente destinado a Hospital da Misericórdia, mas que durante a sua construção viria a ser adaptado para assim se transformar no Preventório de Penacova, o primeiro do país, com a intenção de servir o distrito. Paralelamente, e por consequência desta cedência, era edificado na posição mais a poente do monte um novo Hospital que pretendia servir a Vila de Penacova.
Ao mesmo tempo, estes edifícios revelam características estilísticas da arquitetura da época e momentos da recente história de Portugal. No Mirante poderemos identificar o Ecletismo e a sua procura de identidade nacional. No Preventório está presente a Art Déco, e primeira fase modernizante do Estado Novo. No Hospital encontramos num momento inicial a Art Déco e depois mais tardiamente o “Português Suave” e o período mais conservador do regime. Aos elementos deste conjunto estão ligados personagens relevantes da sociedade, cultura e arquitetura portuguesas, como Manuel Emídio da Silva, os arquitetos Nicolau Bigaglia, Raul Lino e Luís Benavente, Bissaya Barreto e Manuel Ferreira Sales Guedes.
Essa pouco conhecida conjunção de obras e promotores pareceu-nos interessante para tentar perceber o que nos diz o Monte da Senhora da Guia sobre arquitetura portuguesa da primeira metade do século XX, que dá título a esta dissertação.
The present dissertation is the result of an investigation about a place, Monte da Senhora da Guia, in Vila de Penacova, belonging to the district of Coimbra. A topographic accident overlooking the Mondego, with unique characteristics, it has always remained on the fringes of the agglomeration, being occupied throughout history by few buildings, with symbolic meanings, from military to religious. In the 20th century, the Monte maintained this special character, allowing the site to assume a central role, and it was up to it to maintain this unique relationship of respect between architecture, place and meaning. Thus, at the turn of the century, at a time when the Monte was crowned by the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Guia, the first element of a new architectural ensemble appeared, the Emídio da Silva Belvedere, in 1908, located at its east end. Later, between 1930 and 1934, a building was erected on its summit, primarily intended for the Misericórdia Hospital, but that during construction would be adapted to become the Penacova Preventorium, the first in the country, with the intention to serve the district. At the same time, and as a result of this transfer, a new hospital was built in the westernmost position of the hill, intended to serve the village of Penacova. At the same time, these buildings reveal stylistic characteristics of the architecture of the time and mark moments of recent Portuguese history. At the Belvedere we will be able to identify Eclecticism and its search for national identity. In the Preventorium, Art Deco is present, and represents the first modernizing phase of the Estado Novo. At the Hospital, we find Art Deco at an early stage, and later “Português Suave”, from the most conservative period of the regime. The elements of this built set are linked to relevant characters of Portuguese society, culture and architecture, such as Manuel Emídio da Silva, the architects Nicolau Bigaglia, Raul Lino and Luís Benavente, Bissaya Barreto and Manuel Ferreira Sales Guedes. This little-known conjunction of works and developers seemed interesting to try to understand what Monte da Senhora da Guia tells us about Portuguese architecture of the first half of the 20th century, which gives the title to this dissertation.
The present dissertation is the result of an investigation about a place, Monte da Senhora da Guia, in Vila de Penacova, belonging to the district of Coimbra. A topographic accident overlooking the Mondego, with unique characteristics, it has always remained on the fringes of the agglomeration, being occupied throughout history by few buildings, with symbolic meanings, from military to religious. In the 20th century, the Monte maintained this special character, allowing the site to assume a central role, and it was up to it to maintain this unique relationship of respect between architecture, place and meaning. Thus, at the turn of the century, at a time when the Monte was crowned by the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Guia, the first element of a new architectural ensemble appeared, the Emídio da Silva Belvedere, in 1908, located at its east end. Later, between 1930 and 1934, a building was erected on its summit, primarily intended for the Misericórdia Hospital, but that during construction would be adapted to become the Penacova Preventorium, the first in the country, with the intention to serve the district. At the same time, and as a result of this transfer, a new hospital was built in the westernmost position of the hill, intended to serve the village of Penacova. At the same time, these buildings reveal stylistic characteristics of the architecture of the time and mark moments of recent Portuguese history. At the Belvedere we will be able to identify Eclecticism and its search for national identity. In the Preventorium, Art Deco is present, and represents the first modernizing phase of the Estado Novo. At the Hospital, we find Art Deco at an early stage, and later “Português Suave”, from the most conservative period of the regime. The elements of this built set are linked to relevant characters of Portuguese society, culture and architecture, such as Manuel Emídio da Silva, the architects Nicolau Bigaglia, Raul Lino and Luís Benavente, Bissaya Barreto and Manuel Ferreira Sales Guedes. This little-known conjunction of works and developers seemed interesting to try to understand what Monte da Senhora da Guia tells us about Portuguese architecture of the first half of the 20th century, which gives the title to this dissertation.
Description
Keywords
Monte da Senhora da Guia Penacova Mirante Emídio da Silva Preventório de Penacova Hospital da Misericórdia de Penacova Penacova Preventorium