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Implicação da microbiota oral na doença de alzheimer: revisão integrativa
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Senescência, corresponde ao processo fisiológico de envelhecimento que leva a uma lenta degradação das funções celulares. Quando o declínio diz respeito às funções cognitivas e comportamentais, falamos de demência. A doença de Alzheimer é a principal causa de demência e afeta aproximadamente 35 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Esta doença neurodegenerativa afeta o tecido cerebral e leva a uma perda progressiva e irreversível das funções mentais, nomeadamente das funções cognitivas e de memória. A sua natureza universal, bem como as consequências socioeconómicas daí resultantes, fazem da doença de Alzheimer objeto de muita investigação científica. A cavidade oral acolhe uma microbiota de 700 espécies diferentes (bactérias, vírus e fungos) que constitui um reservatório inflamatório. Vários agentes infeciosos são suspeitos de desempenhar um papel etiológico na génese da inflamação e no agravamento de doenças neurodegenerativas, incluindo a doença de Alzheimer.
Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a microbiota oral que pode estar associada ao desenvolvimento da doença de Alzheimer, avaliando o seu impacto no processo patológico da doença, através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. As referências foram triadas e selecionadas com base em critérios de elegibilidade, com artigos completos avaliados para inclusão e resumidos, tendo sido selecionados 11 artigos para este estudo.
Resultados/Conclusão: A análise evidenciou que agentes infeciosos, como a bactéria Porphyromonas gingivalis, podem contribuir para a inflamação cerebral e o agravamento de doenças neurodegenerativas. Há indícios de ligação entre a periodontite e a doença de Alzheimer, embora ainda não haja comprovação de uma relação causal. Caso esta associação seja confirmada, a periodontite poderá ser considerada um fator de risco modificável, reforçando a importância da prevenção e tratamento dentário precoce para ajudar a reduzir a progressão da doença.
Senescence is the physiological process of ageing that leads to a slow degradation of cellular functions. When the decline concerns cognitive and behavioural functions, we talk about dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia and affects approximately 35 million people worldwide. This neurodegenerative disease affects brain tissue and leads to a progressive and irreversible loss of mental functions, particularly cognitive and memory functions. Its universal nature, as well as the resulting socio economic consequences, make Alzheimer's disease the subject of much scientific research. The oral cavity is home to a microbiota of 700 different species (bacteria, viruses and fungi) which constitutes an inflammatory reservoir. Several infectious agents are suspected of playing an aetiological role in the genesis of inflammation and the worsening of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's. Objective: This study aims to identify the oral microbiota that may be associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, evaluating its impact on the pathological process of the disease, through an integrative literature review. Methodology: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed and Science Direct databases, following the PRISMA guidelines. References were screened and selected based on eligibility criteria, with full articles evaluated for inclusion and summarized, with 11 articles selected for this study. Results/Conclusion: The analysis showed that infectious agents, such as the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, may contribute to brain inflammation and the worsening of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence of a link between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, although there is still no proof of a causal relationship. If this association is confirmed, periodontitis could be considered a modifiable risk factor, reinforcing the importance of prevention and early dental treatment to help reduce the progression of the disease.
Senescence is the physiological process of ageing that leads to a slow degradation of cellular functions. When the decline concerns cognitive and behavioural functions, we talk about dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia and affects approximately 35 million people worldwide. This neurodegenerative disease affects brain tissue and leads to a progressive and irreversible loss of mental functions, particularly cognitive and memory functions. Its universal nature, as well as the resulting socio economic consequences, make Alzheimer's disease the subject of much scientific research. The oral cavity is home to a microbiota of 700 different species (bacteria, viruses and fungi) which constitutes an inflammatory reservoir. Several infectious agents are suspected of playing an aetiological role in the genesis of inflammation and the worsening of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's. Objective: This study aims to identify the oral microbiota that may be associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, evaluating its impact on the pathological process of the disease, through an integrative literature review. Methodology: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed and Science Direct databases, following the PRISMA guidelines. References were screened and selected based on eligibility criteria, with full articles evaluated for inclusion and summarized, with 11 articles selected for this study. Results/Conclusion: The analysis showed that infectious agents, such as the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, may contribute to brain inflammation and the worsening of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence of a link between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, although there is still no proof of a causal relationship. If this association is confirmed, periodontitis could be considered a modifiable risk factor, reinforcing the importance of prevention and early dental treatment to help reduce the progression of the disease.
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Doença de alzheimer Higiene oral Doença periodontal Porphyromonas gingivalis Inflamação Alzheimer disease Oral hygiene Periodontal disease Inflammation