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Panorama das intoxicações em Portugal: o que mudou com a pandemia da Covid-19?
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36653 | 1.65 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O confinamento e outras medidas de mitigação da pandemia de Covid-19, como o uso de máscaras e o distanciamento físico, resultaram em mudanças abruptas no quotidiano da sociedade, limitando o acesso aos cuidados de saúde e potencialmente incentivando a automedicação, bem como a exacerbação ou surgimento de transtornos mentais. Além disso, as medidas de proteção da saúde pública contra a Covid-19, como o uso de produtos de limpeza e desinfeção, podem aumentar a exposição a produtos perigosos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação teve como objetivo descrever o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na incidência e padrões de exposições tóxicas em Portugal utilizando os dados do Centro de Informação Antivenenos, CIAV. Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo utilizando dados de consultas recebidas pelo CIAV relacionadas a exposições tóxicas nos períodos pré-pandémicos (2018 e 2019) e pandémicos (2020 e 2021). Os dados recolhidos incluíram as características da chamada, do indivíduo intoxicado e da exposição. De janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021, o CIAV recebeu um total de 50.344 consultas relacionadas a exposições tóxicas, o que representa uma diminuição de 5,3% no número de consultas em relação ao mesmo período de 2018 a 2019. Observou-se um aumento significativo nas consultas feitas a partir de casa (particulares) (15% em 2019 vs 27% em 2020), enquanto as consultas feitas por profissionais de saúde diminuíram. Nos quatro anos em apreço, os intoxicados foram principalmente adultos (mais de 65%), com as crianças representando cerca de 30%. As exposições foram relatadas em todas as faixas etárias, sendo os adultos na faixa dos 40 aos 49 anos e as crianças dos 1 aos 4 anos os mais afetados. Tanto no ano de 2019 como no ano de 2020, 40% das exposições ocorreram no sexo masculino e 60% no sexo feminino. Considerando a via de exposição, a mesma manteve-se inalterada ao longo do período em estudo, sendo a via digestiva a mais frequente (~80% do total de consultas). O número de exposições acidentais aumentou significativamente em adultos (32% no período pandémico vs 27,7% no período pré-pandémico), enquanto as exposições intencionais aumentaram em crianças (16,1% no período pandémico vs 7,3% no período pré-pandémico). Os medicamentos foram a classe mais comum de agentes tóxicos no período em estudo, correspondendo a 60% em crianças e 62% em adultos. Um aumento acentuado nas consultas relacionadas a produtos desinfetantes foi observado tanto em crianças como em adultos (9,8% e 3,2% em 2020 vs 2,1% e 0,5% em 2019). As classes farmacoterapêuticas mais frequentes nas intoxicações em adultos foram fármacos psicotrópicos (ansiolíticos e antipsicóticos) e anti-hipertensivos, enquanto nas crianças foram ansiolíticos, analgésicos, antipiréticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). Em conclusão, a pandemia de Covid-19 alterou as características das consultas ao CIAV, com aumento dos atendimentos feitos ao público, bem como o padrão de exposição, com aumento das consultas relacionadas com a exposição a desinfetantes e a psicofármacos.
The confinement and other mitigation measures of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as the use of masks and physical distancing, have resulted in abrupt changes in the daily life of society, limiting access to healthcare and potentially encouraging self-medication, as well as exacerbation or emergence of mental disorders. In addition, public health protection measures against Covid-19, such as the use of cleaning and disinfecting products, can increase exposure to hazardous products. In this context, this dissertation aimed to describe the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence and patterns of toxic exposures in Portugal using data from the Centro de Informação Antivenenos, CIAV. A retrospective study was performed using data from consultations received by the CIAV related to toxic exposures in the pre- pandemic (2018 and 2019) and pandemic (2020 and 2021) periods. The data collected included the characteristics of the call, the intoxicated individual, and the exposure. From January 2020 to December 2021, the CIAV received a total of 50,344 consultations related to toxic exposures, which represents a 5.3% decrease in the number of consultations compared to the same period from 2018 to 2019. significant increase in consultations made from home (private) (15% in 2019 vs 27% in 2020), while consultations made by healthcare professionals decreased. During the four-year study, intoxicated were mostly adults (over 65%), with children accounting for around 30%. Exposures were reported in all age groups, with adults aged 40 to 49 years and children aged 1 to 4 years being most affected. In both 2019 and 2020, 40% of exposures occurred in males and 60% in females. Considering the exposure route, it remained unchanged throughout the study period, with the digestive route being the most frequent (~80% of the total consultations). The number of accidental exposures increased significantly in adults (32% in the pandemic period vs 27.7% in the pre-pandemic period), while intentional exposures increased in children (16.1% in the pandemic period vs 7.3% in the pre-pandemic period). Medications were the most common class of toxic agents during the study period (corresponding to 60% in children and 62% in adults). A sharp increase in exposure inquiries related to disinfectant products was seen in both children and adults (9.8% and 3.2% in 2020 vs 2.1% and 0.5% in 2019). The pharmacotherapeutic classes most involved in poisoning in adults were psychotropics (anxiolytics and antipsychotics) and antihypertensives, whereas in children were anxiolytics, analgesics, antipyretics and non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the characteristics of consultations with the CIAV, with an increase in visits made to the public, as well as the pattern of exposure, with an increase in consultations related to exposure to disinfectants and psychotropic drugs.
The confinement and other mitigation measures of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as the use of masks and physical distancing, have resulted in abrupt changes in the daily life of society, limiting access to healthcare and potentially encouraging self-medication, as well as exacerbation or emergence of mental disorders. In addition, public health protection measures against Covid-19, such as the use of cleaning and disinfecting products, can increase exposure to hazardous products. In this context, this dissertation aimed to describe the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence and patterns of toxic exposures in Portugal using data from the Centro de Informação Antivenenos, CIAV. A retrospective study was performed using data from consultations received by the CIAV related to toxic exposures in the pre- pandemic (2018 and 2019) and pandemic (2020 and 2021) periods. The data collected included the characteristics of the call, the intoxicated individual, and the exposure. From January 2020 to December 2021, the CIAV received a total of 50,344 consultations related to toxic exposures, which represents a 5.3% decrease in the number of consultations compared to the same period from 2018 to 2019. significant increase in consultations made from home (private) (15% in 2019 vs 27% in 2020), while consultations made by healthcare professionals decreased. During the four-year study, intoxicated were mostly adults (over 65%), with children accounting for around 30%. Exposures were reported in all age groups, with adults aged 40 to 49 years and children aged 1 to 4 years being most affected. In both 2019 and 2020, 40% of exposures occurred in males and 60% in females. Considering the exposure route, it remained unchanged throughout the study period, with the digestive route being the most frequent (~80% of the total consultations). The number of accidental exposures increased significantly in adults (32% in the pandemic period vs 27.7% in the pre-pandemic period), while intentional exposures increased in children (16.1% in the pandemic period vs 7.3% in the pre-pandemic period). Medications were the most common class of toxic agents during the study period (corresponding to 60% in children and 62% in adults). A sharp increase in exposure inquiries related to disinfectant products was seen in both children and adults (9.8% and 3.2% in 2020 vs 2.1% and 0.5% in 2019). The pharmacotherapeutic classes most involved in poisoning in adults were psychotropics (anxiolytics and antipsychotics) and antihypertensives, whereas in children were anxiolytics, analgesics, antipyretics and non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the characteristics of consultations with the CIAV, with an increase in visits made to the public, as well as the pattern of exposure, with an increase in consultations related to exposure to disinfectants and psychotropic drugs.
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Keywords
Intoxicações CIAV Portugal SARS-CoV-2 Intoxications