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Avaliação ecotoxicológica e histopatológica dos efeitos do cloreto de benzalcónio no peixe mosquito (Gambusia holbrooki) após exposição aguda
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Abstract(s)
A poluição antropogénica de natureza química tem vindo a aumentar de forma considerável. A acção mais importante que os poluentes poderão exercer serão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de efeitos tóxicos, que pode decorrer da sua capacidade de interagir de forma deletéria com os sistemas biológicos. Os detergentes são compostos de origem antropogénica amplamente disseminados a nível ambiental, o que conduz à possibilidade de exercer alterações fisiológicas em organismos expostos. De forma a avaliar os riscos que os xenobióticos de origem antropogénica poderão colocar às espécies aquáticas, têm-se recorrido a biomarcadores, já que a alteração de qualquer mecanismo ou via fisiológica/metabólical/comportamental de um organismo exposto pode indicar o modo e a extensão de actuação do contaminante ambiental. No presente estudo recorreu-se ao uso da acetilcolinesterase e marcadores histológicos como biomarcadores, de forma a fazer uma avaliação ecotoxicológica dos efeitos do cloreto de benzalcónio no peixe mosquito (Gambusia holbrooki) após exposição aguda. Não foram observadas alterações significativas a nível da actividade colinesterásica nem histopatológica após exposição aguda do peixe mosquito, o que leva a questionar a utilização destas ferramentas em estudos ecotoxicológicos envolvendo detergentes.
Anthropogenic pollution of chemical nature has increased considerably. The most important action that pollutants may exert is related with their contribution to the development of toxic effects, which may derive from their ability to interact with biological systems. Detergents are anthropogenic compounds widely disseminated in the environment, a fact that leads to the possibility of exerting physiological changes in exposed organisms. To assess the risks that anthropogenic xenobiotics can pose to aquatic species, biomarkers have been commonly used. The modification of any pathway involved in physiological/metabolic/behavioural parameters may indicate the mode and extent of activity of a given environmental contaminant. The present study involved the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and histopathological alteration as biomarkers, to assess the ecotoxicologic effects of benzalkonium chloride in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), following acute exposure. Acetylcholinesterasic activity and histological features remained unchanged following acute exposure of the mentioned species. These observations lead us to question the use of these tools in ecotoxicologic studies for the assessment of effects caused by detergents.
Anthropogenic pollution of chemical nature has increased considerably. The most important action that pollutants may exert is related with their contribution to the development of toxic effects, which may derive from their ability to interact with biological systems. Detergents are anthropogenic compounds widely disseminated in the environment, a fact that leads to the possibility of exerting physiological changes in exposed organisms. To assess the risks that anthropogenic xenobiotics can pose to aquatic species, biomarkers have been commonly used. The modification of any pathway involved in physiological/metabolic/behavioural parameters may indicate the mode and extent of activity of a given environmental contaminant. The present study involved the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and histopathological alteration as biomarkers, to assess the ecotoxicologic effects of benzalkonium chloride in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), following acute exposure. Acetylcholinesterasic activity and histological features remained unchanged following acute exposure of the mentioned species. These observations lead us to question the use of these tools in ecotoxicologic studies for the assessment of effects caused by detergents.
Description
Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Licenciada em Ciências Farmacêuticas