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Saúde de adultos: autoperceção e práticas não convencionais durante a pandemia
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A autoperceção de saúde tem mostrado ser uma variável importante, estando relacionada com os comportamentos saudáveis dos indivíduos e com um menor risco em termos de saúde. Alguns estudos sugerem ainda uma relação com práticas de saúde não convencionais. Paralelamente, a investigação tem mostrado que ambas variam em função de variáveis sociodemográficas. Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivos: caracterizar a autoperceção de saúde (geral e mental) e a utilização de práticas de saúde não convencionais de adultos residentes em Portugal, durante a pandemia de COVID-19; analisar a relação entre estas variáveis e características sociodemográficas dos indivíduos, nomeadamente género, idade e escolaridade; e analisar a relação entre a autoperceção de saúde e a utilização de práticas não convencionais. Para esse efeito, foram desenvolvidos três estudos quantitativos, descritivos, correlacionais e transversais, com uma amostra de 118 indivíduos, a maioria do sexo feminino (n = 93, 79,5%), tendo completado o ensino superior e com idades compreendidas entre os 31 e os 88 anos (M = 49,21, DP = 12,81). A autoperceção do estado de saúde geral foi avaliada através do item 1 do SF-36 e a de saúde mental através do Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI-5; Veit & Ware, 1983; adaptação para a população portuguesa de Pais Ribeiro, 2001). A recolha de dados sobre práticas não convencionais foi realizada através de um questionário elaborado com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Os dados foram recolhidos entre 1 de outubro de 2021 e 25 de março de 2022, através do Google Forms. Observou-se que, tanto em termos de saúde geral como mental, a amostra apresenta uma perceção de boa saúde e mais de metade referiu recorrer a práticas de saúde convencionais e não convencionais, embora a estas últimas raramente. Não foram encontradas relações estatisticamente significativas entre a perceção de saúde geral e mental e a idade, género ou escolaridade. Também não foram encontradas relações estatisticamente significativas entre a utilização e regularidade de práticas de saúde não convencionais e a idade ou género; no entanto, verificou-se que participantes que utilizavam apenas práticas de saúde convencionais apresentaram um nível superior de escolaridade. Por fim, a autoperceção de saúde geral e mental mostraram não estar relacionadas de forma estatisticamente significativa com a utilização ou regularidade de práticas de saúde não convencionais. As implicações práticas dos resultados e o facto de nem todos estarem de acordo com estudos prévios apoiam a relevância de aprofundar a investigação nesta área.
Perceived health has shown to be an important variable, being related with individuals’ healthy behaviors and a lower health risk. Some studies also suggest a relationship with non-conventional health practices. Thus, the aims of this dissertation are: to characterize health perception (general and mental) and the use of non-conventional health practices of adults residing in Portugal, during the COVID-19 pandemic; to analyze the relation between these variables and sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals, namely gender, age and education level; and to analyze the association between health perception and the use of non-conventional health practices. For this effect, three quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional studies were developed, with a sample of 118 indivíduos, mostly female (n = 93, 79.5%), having completed a higher education degree and aged between 31 and 88 years (M = 49.21, DP = 12.81). General health perception was assessed through item 1 from the SF-36; mental health perception was assessed via the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI 5, Veit & Ware, 1983; adaptation for the Portuguese population from Pais Ribeiro, 2001). Data about the use of non-conventional health practices was obtained via a questionnaire developed for the present study, based on the literature review about the theme. Data was collected between october 1st 2021 and march 25th 2022, via Google Forms. It was observed that the sample presents a perception of good health, both in terms of general and mental health and more than half referred to have used both non-conventional and conventional health practices, although the latter rarely. No significant relations were found betweeen general and mental health perceptions and age, gender or education level. Additionally, no significant relations were found between the use and frequency of non-conventional health practices and age or gender; however, participants who used only conventional health practices presented a higher education level. Lastly, general and mental health perceptions showed not to be significantly related to the use and frequency of non-conventional health practices.
Perceived health has shown to be an important variable, being related with individuals’ healthy behaviors and a lower health risk. Some studies also suggest a relationship with non-conventional health practices. Thus, the aims of this dissertation are: to characterize health perception (general and mental) and the use of non-conventional health practices of adults residing in Portugal, during the COVID-19 pandemic; to analyze the relation between these variables and sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals, namely gender, age and education level; and to analyze the association between health perception and the use of non-conventional health practices. For this effect, three quantitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional studies were developed, with a sample of 118 indivíduos, mostly female (n = 93, 79.5%), having completed a higher education degree and aged between 31 and 88 years (M = 49.21, DP = 12.81). General health perception was assessed through item 1 from the SF-36; mental health perception was assessed via the Mental Health Inventory 5 (MHI 5, Veit & Ware, 1983; adaptation for the Portuguese population from Pais Ribeiro, 2001). Data about the use of non-conventional health practices was obtained via a questionnaire developed for the present study, based on the literature review about the theme. Data was collected between october 1st 2021 and march 25th 2022, via Google Forms. It was observed that the sample presents a perception of good health, both in terms of general and mental health and more than half referred to have used both non-conventional and conventional health practices, although the latter rarely. No significant relations were found betweeen general and mental health perceptions and age, gender or education level. Additionally, no significant relations were found between the use and frequency of non-conventional health practices and age or gender; however, participants who used only conventional health practices presented a higher education level. Lastly, general and mental health perceptions showed not to be significantly related to the use and frequency of non-conventional health practices.
Description
Keywords
Autoperceção de saúde Práticas de saúde não convencionais Adultos COVID-19 Health perception Non-conventional health practices Adults