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Ação tópica da melatonina na alopécia
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A alopecia é um grupo de condições caracterizadas pela perda parcial ou total de cabelo, com impacto significativo na autoestima e na qualidade de vida dos doentes. Apesar da disponibilidade de terapias convencionais, como o minoxidil e a finasterida, verifica-se que estas apresentam eficácia limitada e potenciais efeitos adversos, o que tem impulsionado a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas. A melatonina, conhecida sobretudo pela regulação do ritmo circadiano, revelou propriedades antioxidantes, imunomoduladoras e reguladoras do ciclo folicular, o que a torna promissora no tratamento da alopecia. A aplicação tópica de melatonina demonstrou capacidade de reduzir o stress oxidativo no folículo piloso, modular a atividade dos recetores hormonais locais e estimular a fase anágena do ciclo capilar. Ensaios clínicos e estudos experimentais têm evidenciado aumento da densidade capilar, redução da queda capilar e melhoria da qualidade do cabelo após o uso tópico desta molécula. Assim, a melatonina tópica surge como uma abordagem segura e inovadora, podendo constituir uma opção terapêutica complementar, concomitante com os ativos já amplamente utilizados, no tratamento da alopecia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de uma revisão narrativa, a evidência científica disponível sobre o uso tópico da melatonina no tratamento da alopecia. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, entre abril de 2025 e julho de 2025. Os resultados pré-clínicos e clínicos analisados demonstram que a melatonina exerce ações antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias e moduladoras hormonais, promovendo o crescimento capilar e reduzindo a queda de cabelo. Conclui-se que a melatonina tópica é uma alternativa promissora, segura e bem tolerada, embora sejam necessários ensaios clínicos multicêntricos para consolidar a sua eficácia terapêutica.
Alopecia represents a group of conditions characterized by partial or total hair loss, significantly impacting patients' self-esteem and quality of life. Despite the availability of conventional therapies, such as minoxidil and finasteride, these have limited efficacy and potential adverse effects, which has driven the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Melatonin, primarily known for regulating circadian rhythms, has demonstrated antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and follicular cycle-regulating properties, making it a promising treatment option for alopecia. Topical application of melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the hair follicle, modulate the activity of local hormone receptors, and stimulate the anagen phase of the hair cycle. Clinical trials and experimental studies have demonstrated increased hair density, reduced hair loss, and improved hair quality following topical application of this molecule. Topical melatonin emerges as a safe and innovative approach, potentially representing a complementary therapeutic option, alongside active ingredients already widely used in the treatment of alopecia. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases between April 2025 and July 2025. Preclinical and clinical findings suggest that melatonin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal modulation effects, thereby promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss. In conclusion, topical melatonin represents a promising, safe, and well-tolerated therapeutic option; however, multicenter clinical trials are still required to confirm its effectiveness.
Alopecia represents a group of conditions characterized by partial or total hair loss, significantly impacting patients' self-esteem and quality of life. Despite the availability of conventional therapies, such as minoxidil and finasteride, these have limited efficacy and potential adverse effects, which has driven the search for new therapeutic alternatives. Melatonin, primarily known for regulating circadian rhythms, has demonstrated antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and follicular cycle-regulating properties, making it a promising treatment option for alopecia. Topical application of melatonin has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the hair follicle, modulate the activity of local hormone receptors, and stimulate the anagen phase of the hair cycle. Clinical trials and experimental studies have demonstrated increased hair density, reduced hair loss, and improved hair quality following topical application of this molecule. Topical melatonin emerges as a safe and innovative approach, potentially representing a complementary therapeutic option, alongside active ingredients already widely used in the treatment of alopecia. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases between April 2025 and July 2025. Preclinical and clinical findings suggest that melatonin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal modulation effects, thereby promoting hair growth and reducing hair loss. In conclusion, topical melatonin represents a promising, safe, and well-tolerated therapeutic option; however, multicenter clinical trials are still required to confirm its effectiveness.
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Palavras-chave
Alopecia Melatonina Formulações tópicas Antioxidante Crescimento capilar Melatonin Topical formulations Antioxidant Hair growth