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Crenças e atitudes de estudantes universitários face a lésbicas e a gays
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo decorre no âmbito da sexualidade humana, em particular das suas expressões não normativas, e teve como objetivos analisar as crenças associadas à natureza da homossexualidade e as atitudes face a lésbicas e a gays nas várias dimensões apresentadas pela amostra, analisar associações entre as variáveis que constituem as crenças associadas à natureza da homossexualidade bem como nas atitudes face a lésbicas e a gays, e analisar as relações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, género e orientação sexual) com as subescalas relativas às crenças associadas à natureza da homossexualidade e com as subescalas relativas às atitudes face a lésbicas e a gays. A presente investigação foi realizada com uma amostra de 111 indivíduos portugueses (92 mulheres e 19 homens), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 59 anos. Para tal, foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico em modalidade online e duas escalas para avaliar as crenças e as atitudes face à homossexualidade: a Escala de Crenças sobre a Natureza da Homossexualidade (Pereira, Monteiro & Camino, 2009b) e a Escala Multidimensional de Atitudes Face a Lésbicas e a Gays (Gato, Fontaine & Carneiro, 2014) também preenchidas sequencialmente online. Em Portugal existem já alguns estudos referentes ao tipo de crenças sobre a natureza da homossexualidade face ao preconceito praticado, contudo, no que respeita ao âmbito das atitudes face a lésbicas e a gays, não existem muitos estudos em Portugal que deem ênfase à eventual associação do tipo de crenças sobre a natureza da homossexualidade com essas mesmas atitudes. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o género, a idade e a orientação sexual encontram-se relacionados com a expressão de preconceito em relação a lésbicas e a gays. Demonstram ainda que os participantes com maior adesão às crenças de natureza ético-morais e biológicas exprimem mais atitudes homofóbicas. Já os participantes com maior adesão à crença sobre a homossexualidade baseada em provas culturais são aqueles com atitudes menos homofóbicas. A forma como nós pensamos acerca da natureza de um determinado fenómeno – Homossexualidade – determina, de forma variável, o tipo de comportamento que vamos assumir perante esse mesmo fenómeno.
The present study was conducted in the context of human sexuality, in particular in its non-normative expressions and its objectives were to analyze the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality and lesbian and gay attitudes in the various dimensions presented by the sample, to analyze associations between the variables that constitute the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality as well as attitudes towards lesbians and gays, and to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables (age, gender and sexual orientation) with the subscales related to the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality and with the relative subscales attitudes towards lesbians and gays. The present investigation was carried out with a sample of 111 Portuguese individuals (92 women and 19 men), aged between 18 and 59 years. For this, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used in online mode and two scales were used to evaluate beliefs and attitudes towards homosexuality: the Beliefs Scale about the Nature of Homosexuality (Pereira, Monteiro & Camino, 2009b) and the Multidimensional Face Attitude Scale the Lesbians and Gays (Gato, Fontaine & Carneiro, 2014) also filled sequentially online. In Portugal there are already some studies concerning the type of beliefs about the nature of homosexuality in the face of prejudice, however, with regard to the scope of attitudes towards lesbians and gays, there are not many studies in Portugal that emphasize the possible association of type of beliefs about the nature of homosexuality with these same attitudes. The results suggest that gender, age and sexual orientation are related to the expression of prejudice towards lesbians and gays. They also demonstrate that participants with greater adherence to ethical-moral and biological beliefs express more homophobic attitudes. The participants with the highest adherence to belief about homosexuality based on cultural evidence are those with less homophobic attitudes. The way we think about the nature of a particular phenomenon - Homosexuality - determines, in a variable way, the type of behavior that we are going to assume before this same phenomenon.
The present study was conducted in the context of human sexuality, in particular in its non-normative expressions and its objectives were to analyze the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality and lesbian and gay attitudes in the various dimensions presented by the sample, to analyze associations between the variables that constitute the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality as well as attitudes towards lesbians and gays, and to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables (age, gender and sexual orientation) with the subscales related to the beliefs associated with the nature of homosexuality and with the relative subscales attitudes towards lesbians and gays. The present investigation was carried out with a sample of 111 Portuguese individuals (92 women and 19 men), aged between 18 and 59 years. For this, a sociodemographic questionnaire was used in online mode and two scales were used to evaluate beliefs and attitudes towards homosexuality: the Beliefs Scale about the Nature of Homosexuality (Pereira, Monteiro & Camino, 2009b) and the Multidimensional Face Attitude Scale the Lesbians and Gays (Gato, Fontaine & Carneiro, 2014) also filled sequentially online. In Portugal there are already some studies concerning the type of beliefs about the nature of homosexuality in the face of prejudice, however, with regard to the scope of attitudes towards lesbians and gays, there are not many studies in Portugal that emphasize the possible association of type of beliefs about the nature of homosexuality with these same attitudes. The results suggest that gender, age and sexual orientation are related to the expression of prejudice towards lesbians and gays. They also demonstrate that participants with greater adherence to ethical-moral and biological beliefs express more homophobic attitudes. The participants with the highest adherence to belief about homosexuality based on cultural evidence are those with less homophobic attitudes. The way we think about the nature of a particular phenomenon - Homosexuality - determines, in a variable way, the type of behavior that we are going to assume before this same phenomenon.
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Keywords
Orientação sexual Preconceito Crenças Atitudes homofóbicas Sexual orientation Preconception Beliefs Homophobic attitudes