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Empresas militares privadas e o grupo Wagner: noções fundamentais, uso global e o caso da República Centro-Africana
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Abstract(s)
As Empresas Militares Privadas são um fenómeno que tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais dimensão nas últimas décadas. Estas empresas são utilizadas pelos Estados, de forma a estes ficarem isentos de responsabilidades, em cenários de conflito, devido à falta de enquadramento legislativo concreto para essas forças. O grupo Wagner, uma das EMP mais famosas da atualidade, é uma “ferramenta” de política externa utilizada pela Rússia de forma a concretizar ambições geopolíticas e económicas, principalmente no continente africano, obtendo assim resultados positivos, nomeadamente na República Centro-Africana (RCA).
Pretende-se com este trabalho abordar a atual realidade das Empresas Militares Privadas, em especial a do grupo Wagner e a sua atuação na República Centro-Africana. Interessa compreender os principais conceitos e diferenças entre estas empresas privadas que fornecem serviços na área militar e de segurança e o alcance das suas funções, desde apoio logístico até ao envolvimento direto em conflitos armados. Pretende-se, também, explanar as diversas problemáticas ligadas com o crescente recurso às EMP, mais concretamente, os problemas jurídicos no ramo do Direito Internacional Humanitário. Ainda no âmbito deste trabalho, serão analisados o grupo Wagner e a forma como esta empresa controlada pelo oligarca russo Yevgeny Prigozhin atua de acordo com as ambições do Kremlin, explorando os recursos de países africanos, nomeadamente da RCA, e aí colocando em causa os direitos humanos.
Private Military Companies are a phenomenon that has been gaining more and more dimension in recent decades. These companies are used by States in such a way that they are exempt from liability in conflict scenarios due to the lack of a concrete legislative framework for these forces. The Wagner group, one of the most famous EMPs of today, is a foreign policy "tool" used by Russia in order to achieve geopolitical and economic ambitions, especially on the African continent, thus obtaining positive results, namely in the Central African Republic (CAR). This work aims to address the current reality of Private Military Companies, especially the Wagner group and its operations in the Central African Republic. It is interesting to understand the main concepts and differences between these private companies that provide services in the military and security area and the scope of their functions, from logistical support to direct involvement in armed conflicts. It is also intended to explain the various problems related to the increasing use of PMCs, more specifically, the legal problems in the field of international humanitarian law. Also, in the scope of this work, the Wagner group and how this company controlled by the Russian oligarch Yevgeny Prigozhin acts in accordance with the Kremlin's ambitions, exploiting the resources of African countries, namely the CAR, and there questioning human rights, will be analyzed.
Private Military Companies are a phenomenon that has been gaining more and more dimension in recent decades. These companies are used by States in such a way that they are exempt from liability in conflict scenarios due to the lack of a concrete legislative framework for these forces. The Wagner group, one of the most famous EMPs of today, is a foreign policy "tool" used by Russia in order to achieve geopolitical and economic ambitions, especially on the African continent, thus obtaining positive results, namely in the Central African Republic (CAR). This work aims to address the current reality of Private Military Companies, especially the Wagner group and its operations in the Central African Republic. It is interesting to understand the main concepts and differences between these private companies that provide services in the military and security area and the scope of their functions, from logistical support to direct involvement in armed conflicts. It is also intended to explain the various problems related to the increasing use of PMCs, more specifically, the legal problems in the field of international humanitarian law. Also, in the scope of this work, the Wagner group and how this company controlled by the Russian oligarch Yevgeny Prigozhin acts in accordance with the Kremlin's ambitions, exploiting the resources of African countries, namely the CAR, and there questioning human rights, will be analyzed.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais
Keywords
Empresas militares privadas Grupo Wagner República Centro-Africana Rússia Private military companies Wagner Group Central African Republic Russia