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Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral: adaptação linguística e cultural do OHIP-14
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A autoperceção de saúde oral reflete a experiência subjetiva do indivíduo, sendo
influenciada por fatores comportamentais, sociais e ambientais. A necessidade de
compreender as limitações e o sofrimento dos indivíduos com alterações da saúde oral
constitui, por si só, uma forte motivação para a avaliação da sua Qualidade de Vida (QdV).
Na primeira revisão integrativa da literatura foram reunidas e analisadas 19 publicações
originais que apontam para uma diversidade de instrumentos que permitem avaliar a
Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral – QdVRSO - em adultos com alterações
orais. Foram identificados cinco instrumentos: OHIP-14, OIDP, GOHAI, OHQOL e
PIDAQ. O OHIP-14 destaca-se ao surgir na maioria dos estudos e por apresentar mais
versões culturais (árabe, iraniana, japonesa, espanhola, chinesa, brasileira e finlandesa).
Concluiu-se que o OHIP-14 parece ser o mais adequado nos contextos de intervenção
clínica e de investigação por incluir mais domínios e permitir aceder a mais informação
quanto ao impacto negativo das alterações orais na QdV.
Na segunda revisão integrativa da literatura foram reunidas e analisadas 17
publicações originais que permitiram identificar as variáveis associadas à QdVRSO em
adultos, avaliada através do OHIP-14, bem como analisar a relação estabelecida entre as
variáveis identificadas e a QdVRSO. Os estudos analisados sugerem que a QdVRSO se
encontra associada a variáveis clínicas, enquanto variáveis mediadoras, e ainda a fatores
sociodemográficos e variáveis comportamentais, enquanto variáveis moderadoras.
Partindo deste enquadramento conceptual, foi desenvolvido um estudo
observacional transversal com o objetivo de adaptar o OHIP-14 para a língua e cultura
portuguesa e avaliar as suas qualidades psicométricas, com uma amostra de conveniência
de 180 indivíduos, com idades entre 18 e 93 anos (M=40,93; DP=16,27). A versão
portuguesa desenvolvida constitui um instrumento com boa validade de construto e boa
validade concorrente, elevada fidelidade e sensibilidade a caraterísticas sociodemográficas,
clínicas e de autoperceção. Revelou, ainda, ser de fácil e rápida resposta e bem aceite pelos
respondentes, tanto na versão papel e lápis como no formulário eletrónico. O processo de
validação é contínuo, pelo que sugere-se a realização de outros estudos.
Os resultados da presente dissertação permitem reconhecer e reforçar a evidência
crescente de que a perceção da condição oral desempenha um papel determinante na QdV.
A QdvRSO constitui-se, assim, como um domínio importante de interesse para os
profissionais, sobretudo no sentido de serem desenvolvidas futuras colaborações entre
Ciências da Saúde e Ciências Sociais.
Self-perceived oral health reflects an individual subjective experience, influenced by behavioral, social and environmental factors. The need to understand the restrictions and suffering of individuals with impaired oral health is, by itself, a strong motivation for the assessment of their quality of life (QoL). In a first integrative literature, 19 original publications were selected and analysed revealing the existence of a diversity of instruments that measure Oral Health-Related Quality of Life – OHRQoL - in adults with oral changes. Five instruments were identified: OHIP-14, OIDP, GOHAI, OHQOL and PIDAQ. The OHIP-14 stands out in most studies and present more cultural versions (Arabic, Persian, Japanese, Spanish, Chinese, Brazilian and Finnish). Compared with the other instruments, it includes more fields and allows to assess more information on the negative impact of oral changes in QoL, as well as it revealed to be the most appropriate assessment tool in the context of clinical intervention and research. In a second integrative literature, 17 original publications were selected and analysed in order to identify the variables associated with OHRQoL in adults assessed by OHIP-14 as well as to analyze the relationship established. The studies reviewed suggest that OHRQoL is associated with clinical characteristics as mediating variables and also with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, as moderating variables. Having this conceptual framework as a starting point, a transversal observational study was developed with the aim to adapt OHIP-14 to Portuguese language and culture and to evaluate its psychometric properties, with a convenience sample of 180 individuals aged between 18 and 93 years (M=40.93; SD=16.27). The Portuguese version developed revealed to be an instrument with good construct and concurrent validity, high reliability and high sensitivity to sociodemographic fators and to clinical and self-perceived variables, in either paper and pencil version as in electronic version. Additionally, it proved to be of easy and quick response and well accepted by the participants. The validation process is enduring, so we suggest further studies. The results of this thesis allow us to recognize and reinforce the growing evidence that the perception of oral condition plays a decisive role in QoL. The OHRQoL constitutes, therefore, an important area of interest to professionals, especially in order to establish future collaborations between Health Sciences and Social Sciences.
Self-perceived oral health reflects an individual subjective experience, influenced by behavioral, social and environmental factors. The need to understand the restrictions and suffering of individuals with impaired oral health is, by itself, a strong motivation for the assessment of their quality of life (QoL). In a first integrative literature, 19 original publications were selected and analysed revealing the existence of a diversity of instruments that measure Oral Health-Related Quality of Life – OHRQoL - in adults with oral changes. Five instruments were identified: OHIP-14, OIDP, GOHAI, OHQOL and PIDAQ. The OHIP-14 stands out in most studies and present more cultural versions (Arabic, Persian, Japanese, Spanish, Chinese, Brazilian and Finnish). Compared with the other instruments, it includes more fields and allows to assess more information on the negative impact of oral changes in QoL, as well as it revealed to be the most appropriate assessment tool in the context of clinical intervention and research. In a second integrative literature, 17 original publications were selected and analysed in order to identify the variables associated with OHRQoL in adults assessed by OHIP-14 as well as to analyze the relationship established. The studies reviewed suggest that OHRQoL is associated with clinical characteristics as mediating variables and also with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, as moderating variables. Having this conceptual framework as a starting point, a transversal observational study was developed with the aim to adapt OHIP-14 to Portuguese language and culture and to evaluate its psychometric properties, with a convenience sample of 180 individuals aged between 18 and 93 years (M=40.93; SD=16.27). The Portuguese version developed revealed to be an instrument with good construct and concurrent validity, high reliability and high sensitivity to sociodemographic fators and to clinical and self-perceived variables, in either paper and pencil version as in electronic version. Additionally, it proved to be of easy and quick response and well accepted by the participants. The validation process is enduring, so we suggest further studies. The results of this thesis allow us to recognize and reinforce the growing evidence that the perception of oral condition plays a decisive role in QoL. The OHRQoL constitutes, therefore, an important area of interest to professionals, especially in order to establish future collaborations between Health Sciences and Social Sciences.
Description
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia, ramo de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde