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Conhecimento da importância da dieta nos primeiros 1000 dias de vida, em Itália: estudo transversal
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Introdução: Hábitos não saudáveis na fase periconcecional, como fumar, consumo de álcool, desnutrição ou sobre-nutrição, podem afetar negativamente o desenvolvimento do feto. A obesidade materna aumenta o risco de complicações como pré-eclâmpsia, diabetes gestacional e obesidade infantil. Além disso, uma alimentação inadequada pode comprometer a saúde oral, nomeadamente a deficiência de vitamina D, pode levar a defeitos do esmalte e a um maior risco de lesões de cárie dentária.
Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento das grávidas e/ou mães com filhos até aos dois anos sobre a alimentação durante os primeiros 1000 dias de vida do bebé. Procurou-se compreender se estas mulheres reconhecem os cuidados alimentares necessários, o impacto da dieta no desenvolvimento do bebé e a importância da amamentação. Pretendeu-se igualmente analisar o modo como o tema é abordado pelos profissionais de saúde durante o acompanhamento pré e pós-natal.
Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado através de dois questionários realizados online: um destinado a grávidas e/ou mães com filhos até 2 anos e outro a profissionais de saúde, ambos residentes em Itália. A amostra foi de conveniência. A metodologia incluiu também uma pesquisa sistematizada da literatura em diversas bases de dados, de artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos.
Resultados: Foram incluídas 73 mulheres e 106 profissionais. Identificou-se uma maior percentagem de amamentação em crianças que nasceram por parto eutócico não instrumentado. A prematuridade associa-se a uma menor duração da amamentação. As preferências alimentares maternas influenciam os hábitos do filho. Mães com mais filhos apresentam uma maior consciência nutricional. Os profissionais de saúde demonstram uma participação desigual na educação alimentar, com menor envolvimento dos higienistas orais e dos médicos dentistas.
Conclusões: É necessária formação multidisciplinar obrigatória para os profissionais de saúde materno-infantis, assim como campanhas de sensibilização e as consultas comunitárias devem ser reforçadas. Estas ações promovem um acompanhamento desde cedo, melhorando os comportamentos alimentares desde a gestação.
Introduction: Unhealthy habits in the periconceptional phase of pregnancy, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, undernutrition or overnutrition, can negatively affect the development of the fetus. Maternal obesity increases the risk of complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and childhood obesity. In addition, inadequate nutrition can compromise oral health, namely vitamin D deficiency, which can lead to enamel defects and an increased risk of dental caries lesions. Objectives: Evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women and/or mothers with children up to two years old about nutrition during the first 1000 days of the baby's life. It sought to understand whether these women recognize the necessary dietary care, the impact of diet on the baby's development, and the importance of breastfeeding. It also aimed to analyze how the topic is addressed by health professionals during prenatal and postnatal care. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out through two online questionnaires: one aimed at pregnant women and/or mothers with children up to 2 years old and another at health professionals, both residing in Italy. The sample was of convenience. The methodology also included a systematic literature review in various databases, of articles published in the last five years. Results: A total of 73 women and 106 professionals were included. A higher percentage of breastfeeding was identified in children born by non instrumental eutocic delivery. Prematurity is associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding. Maternal food preferences influence the child's habits. Mothers with more children show greater nutritional awareness. Health professionals demonstrate unequal participation in food education, with less involvement from oral hygienists and dentists. Conclusions: Mandatory multidisciplinary training for maternals and children health professionals is necessary, as well as awareness campaigns, and community consultations should be reinforced. These actions promote early monitoring, improving dietary behaviors from pregnancy onward.
Introduction: Unhealthy habits in the periconceptional phase of pregnancy, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, undernutrition or overnutrition, can negatively affect the development of the fetus. Maternal obesity increases the risk of complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and childhood obesity. In addition, inadequate nutrition can compromise oral health, namely vitamin D deficiency, which can lead to enamel defects and an increased risk of dental caries lesions. Objectives: Evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women and/or mothers with children up to two years old about nutrition during the first 1000 days of the baby's life. It sought to understand whether these women recognize the necessary dietary care, the impact of diet on the baby's development, and the importance of breastfeeding. It also aimed to analyze how the topic is addressed by health professionals during prenatal and postnatal care. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out through two online questionnaires: one aimed at pregnant women and/or mothers with children up to 2 years old and another at health professionals, both residing in Italy. The sample was of convenience. The methodology also included a systematic literature review in various databases, of articles published in the last five years. Results: A total of 73 women and 106 professionals were included. A higher percentage of breastfeeding was identified in children born by non instrumental eutocic delivery. Prematurity is associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding. Maternal food preferences influence the child's habits. Mothers with more children show greater nutritional awareness. Health professionals demonstrate unequal participation in food education, with less involvement from oral hygienists and dentists. Conclusions: Mandatory multidisciplinary training for maternals and children health professionals is necessary, as well as awareness campaigns, and community consultations should be reinforced. These actions promote early monitoring, improving dietary behaviors from pregnancy onward.
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Primeiros 1000 dias Dieta Nutrição First 1000 days Diet Nutrition