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O papel do médico dentista na saúde oral em mulheres com diabetes gestacional: revisão integrativa
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Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo explorar o papel do médico dentista na prevenção, deteção precoce e acompanhamento das alterações orais em grávidas com diabetes gestacional, sublinhando a importância da sua integração nos cuidados de saúde materna.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, orientada pelo protocolo PRISMA. A questão de investigação foi construída com base na estratégia PICO. A pesquisa bibliográfica decorreu nas bases PubMed, Google Scholar e ScienceDirect. Foram aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão rigorosos para garantir a qualidade e relevância dos estudos. No total, foram incluídos 22 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2025.
Resultados: Os estudos analisados revelaram que a diabetes gestacional está associada a um maior risco de alterações orais, nomeadamente gengivite, periodontite, sensação de boca seca e cáries dentárias. Estas alterações estão relacionadas com modificações hormonais e imunológicas que afetam a microbiota oral e o equilíbrio da cavidade bucal. A inflamação gengival pode dificultar o controlo glicémico, contribuindo para o agravamento da hiperglicemia. Verificou-se que o seguimento odontológico durante a gravidez, através de consultas regulares, aconselhamento e cuidados preventivos, tem um impacto positivo na saúde oral e geral da grávida.
Conclusão: A diabetes gestacional pode originar diversas complicações, incluindo problemas orais que, por sua vez, interferem no controlo da glicemia. A atuação precoce do médico dentista é fundamental para prevenir essas complicações, promover hábitos de higiene adequados e reforçar a literacia em saúde das grávidas. A inclusão sistemática da saúde oral no acompanhamento pré-natal é essencial para uma abordagem integrada e eficaz da saúde materno-infantil.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of the dentist in the prevention, early detection, and management of oral health alterations in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the importance of integrating dental care into maternal health services. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The research question was formulated using the PICO strategy. The bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the quality and relevance of the selected studies. A total of 22 articles published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Results: The reviewed studies revealed that gestational diabetes is associated with a higher risk of oral health issues, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, dry mouth, and dental caries. These conditions are linked to hormonal and immunological changes that affect the oral microbiota and the balance of the oral cavity. Gingival inflammation may compromise glycaemic control, contributing to the worsening of hyperglycaemia. Regular dental follow-up during pregnancy, through consultations, guidance, and preventive care, has a positive impact on both oral and general health in pregnant women. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes can lead to various complications, including oral conditions that, in turn, interfere with blood glucose control. The early intervention of the dentist is crucial to preventing these complications, promoting good oral hygiene habits, and improving health literacy among pregnant women. The systematic inclusion of oral health in prenatal care is essential for an integrated and effective approach to maternal and infant health.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of the dentist in the prevention, early detection, and management of oral health alterations in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the importance of integrating dental care into maternal health services. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The research question was formulated using the PICO strategy. The bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the quality and relevance of the selected studies. A total of 22 articles published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Results: The reviewed studies revealed that gestational diabetes is associated with a higher risk of oral health issues, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, dry mouth, and dental caries. These conditions are linked to hormonal and immunological changes that affect the oral microbiota and the balance of the oral cavity. Gingival inflammation may compromise glycaemic control, contributing to the worsening of hyperglycaemia. Regular dental follow-up during pregnancy, through consultations, guidance, and preventive care, has a positive impact on both oral and general health in pregnant women. Conclusion: Gestational diabetes can lead to various complications, including oral conditions that, in turn, interfere with blood glucose control. The early intervention of the dentist is crucial to preventing these complications, promoting good oral hygiene habits, and improving health literacy among pregnant women. The systematic inclusion of oral health in prenatal care is essential for an integrated and effective approach to maternal and infant health.
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Diabetes gestacional Saúde oral Médico dentista Gravidez Doença periodontal Microbiota oral Gestational diabetes Oral health Dentist Pregnancy Periodontal disease Oral microbiota