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Os desafios da sustentabilidade das ações de projetos de cooperação técnica internacional no Haiti
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo parte da análise de um Projeto de Cooperação Técnica Internacional, na área de saúde existente no Haiti e, nesse contexto, busca explorar a realidade da cooperação internacional, os desafios enfrentados e possíveis caminhos para a melhoria de suas ações, tendo o Haiti como estudo de caso.
O Haiti, localizado na América Central, já foi a colônia mais promissora das Américas e o primeiro país do mundo a se libertar, por meio de uma revolução de escravos. Mas, desde então, sua história mudou. Muitas crises econômicas somadas a desastres naturais fizeram com que o país se tornasse, hoje, o mais pobre das Américas. Diante desse cenário de miséria, muitas ONGs e Organismos Internacionais se instalaram no país, no intuito de ajudar na recuperação da economia e na melhoria da condição de vida de seus habitantes. Os projetos de Cooperação Técnica foram responsáveis por diversas ações nas comunidades mais carentes, bem como na capital do país, Porto Príncipe. Houve, consequentemente, muitas melhorias, mas não existiu grande preocupação com a sustentabilidade das ações ou dos efeitos dos projetos, depois da saída da cooperação. As técnicas utilizadas nem sempre foram as mais adequadas, não havendo coordenação de seus projetos e estratégias, sendo executados de forma desordenada. Com o governo constantemente em crise e sem recursos e o país sofrendo regulares desastres naturais, quando um projeto acaba, normalmente acabam com ele os efeitos positivos conseguidos.
Também foi possível constatar alguns dos grandes problemas da cooperação internacional no Haiti, tais como a falta de organização entre os diversos atores que lá atuam, a falta de um planejamento em longo prazo e de um desenho de projeto mais consistente, a ausência da participação do governo haitiano e de sua população, em grande parte, nos projetos e a dificuldade da cooperação de sair do país deixando um legado duradouro.
Assim, este estudo, de caráter descritivo e qualitativo, tem como objetivo analisar o que foi feito até agora, o que poderia ser feito para tentar manter as capacidades instaladas no país e analisar se existe uma maneira de fazer com que os resultados da cooperação tenham continuidade e capacitem as comunidades e os principais responsáveis na proteção civil, de forma a conferir-lhes maior resiliência a esses tipos de eventos e um maior desenvolvimento futuro. Discorre, também, sobre algumas ações que podem ser tomadas para que essa realidade seja mudada aos poucos.
This study is based on the analysis of an International Technical Cooperation Project in Haiti. In this context, it seeks to explore the reality of the international cooperation, specifically taken Haiti as a case study. Haiti, located in Central America, was once the most promising colony in the Americas, it was the first country in the world to break free through a slave revolution, but since then its history has changed, many economic crises together with natural disasters have made it the poorest country in the Americas nowadays. Faced with this scenario of misery, many NGOs and International Organizations settled in the country to help the economy recover and improve the living conditions of its inhabitants. The Technical Cooperation projects were responsible for several actions in the poorest communities, as well as in the country's capital. Consequently, there were many improvements, but there was not much concern with the sustainability of the actions or the effects of the project after the cooperation ended. However, the techniques used were not always the most appropriate and the strategies not always the most effective, lacked coordination of their strategies, their projects and it was also done in a disorderly manner. With the government constantly in crisis and the country suffering regular natural disasters, when a project ends, it usually ends the effects achieved in the meantime. The government is unable to afford the costs to provide the necessary continuity to these actions and most of the work done is lost in a short time. During this study, it was possible to note some of the major problems of international cooperation in Haiti, such as the lack of organization among the various actors operating in the country, the lack of long-term planning, of a more consistent project design, the absence of the participation of the Haitian government and its population in most of the projects and the difficulty, therefore, of leaving the country leaving a lasting legacy. Thus, this qualitative descriptive study aims to analyze what has been done so far, what could be done to try to maintain the installed capacities in the country and if there is a way to make the results of international cooperation permanent. It is about this challenge, about the causes and effects and about some actions that can be taken to change this reality gradually that the present study will discuss.
This study is based on the analysis of an International Technical Cooperation Project in Haiti. In this context, it seeks to explore the reality of the international cooperation, specifically taken Haiti as a case study. Haiti, located in Central America, was once the most promising colony in the Americas, it was the first country in the world to break free through a slave revolution, but since then its history has changed, many economic crises together with natural disasters have made it the poorest country in the Americas nowadays. Faced with this scenario of misery, many NGOs and International Organizations settled in the country to help the economy recover and improve the living conditions of its inhabitants. The Technical Cooperation projects were responsible for several actions in the poorest communities, as well as in the country's capital. Consequently, there were many improvements, but there was not much concern with the sustainability of the actions or the effects of the project after the cooperation ended. However, the techniques used were not always the most appropriate and the strategies not always the most effective, lacked coordination of their strategies, their projects and it was also done in a disorderly manner. With the government constantly in crisis and the country suffering regular natural disasters, when a project ends, it usually ends the effects achieved in the meantime. The government is unable to afford the costs to provide the necessary continuity to these actions and most of the work done is lost in a short time. During this study, it was possible to note some of the major problems of international cooperation in Haiti, such as the lack of organization among the various actors operating in the country, the lack of long-term planning, of a more consistent project design, the absence of the participation of the Haitian government and its population in most of the projects and the difficulty, therefore, of leaving the country leaving a lasting legacy. Thus, this qualitative descriptive study aims to analyze what has been done so far, what could be done to try to maintain the installed capacities in the country and if there is a way to make the results of international cooperation permanent. It is about this challenge, about the causes and effects and about some actions that can be taken to change this reality gradually that the present study will discuss.
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Keywords
Cooperação técnica internacional Estratégia Sustentabilidade International technical cooperation Strategy Sustainability