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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A fitoterapia pode ser considerada como uma forma de medicina popular que, já desde o
Período Paleolítico, era utilizada de forma empírica para a prevenção e tratamento de
várias doenças, entre as quais as helmintíases. A terapêutica à base de plantas
medicinais fundamenta-se nos compostos naturais que estas possuem.
As helmintíases são um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, mais prevalentes
em regiões subdesenvolvidas. As principais causas desta infeção passam pela falta de
condições de habitação, saneamento básico e um défice educacional. De um modo
geral, a transmissão de helmintas é feita através de fezes de animais e humanas, por
contato com solos, alimentos e água contaminados. Atualmente a nível mundial existem
quatro espécies que são responsáveis pela maior parte de helmintíases, sendo estas:
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale e Necator
americanus.
O tratamento das helmintíases intestinais aumentou com a descoberta dos
benzimidazóis. Estes compostos químicos são altamente eficazes contra os principais
helmintas intestinais. No tratamento de helmintíases, a Organização Mundial de Saúde
(OMS) recomenda a utilização de albendazol, mebendazol, levamisol e pamoato de
pirantel.
No entanto, tem surgido um enorme interesse na área da fitoterapia para o tratamento
das helmintíases, tendo como objetivo verificar a possível eficácia de algumas plantas
na prevenção e tratamento das helmintíases, evitando em certas situações a prescrição
de benzimidazóis. Das várias plantas medicinais referenciadas em literatura e baseadas
em estudos científicos, as que vão ser abordadas neste trabalho com maior foco são: o
alho (Allium sativum L.), as sementes de abóbora (Curcubita pepo L.) e a romã (Punica
granatum L.), dado que todas estas são cultivadas em Portugal, possuem um grande
consumo em termos de alimentação e revelam efeitos promissores para o tratamento das
helmintíases. Para além destas são ainda referidas, de forma mais resumida, outras
plantas que também apresentam atividade anti-helmíntica.
The phytotherapy can be considered a form of popular medicine, that since the Paleolithic Period, was used empirically for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, among which the helminthiases. The herbal therapy is based on the natural compounds that they have. Helminthiasis is a worldwide public health problem, most prevalent in underdeveloped regions. The main causes of this pathology are the lack of housing conditions, basic sanitation and an educational deficit. In general, the transmission of helminths is through animal and human feces, through contact with contaminated soil, food and water. There are currently four species that are responsible for most helminthiases: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Treatment of intestinal helminthiasis increased with the discovery of benzimidazoles. These chemical compounds are highly effective against major intestinal helminths. In the treatment of helminthiasis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pirantel pamoate. However, there has been an enormous interest in the field of herbal medicine for the treatment of helminthiasis, aiming to verify the possible efficacy of some plants in the prevention and treatment of helminthiases, avoiding in certain situations the prescription of benzimidazoles. Of the various medicinal plants referenced in literature and based on scientific studies, the ones that will be approached in this work with greater focus are: garlic (Allium sativum L.), pumpkin seeds (Curcubita pepo L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), since all these are cultivated in Portugal and show promising effects for the treatment of helminthiasis. In addition to these are still, more briefly mentioned, other plants that also have anti-helminth activity.
The phytotherapy can be considered a form of popular medicine, that since the Paleolithic Period, was used empirically for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, among which the helminthiases. The herbal therapy is based on the natural compounds that they have. Helminthiasis is a worldwide public health problem, most prevalent in underdeveloped regions. The main causes of this pathology are the lack of housing conditions, basic sanitation and an educational deficit. In general, the transmission of helminths is through animal and human feces, through contact with contaminated soil, food and water. There are currently four species that are responsible for most helminthiases: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. Treatment of intestinal helminthiasis increased with the discovery of benzimidazoles. These chemical compounds are highly effective against major intestinal helminths. In the treatment of helminthiasis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pirantel pamoate. However, there has been an enormous interest in the field of herbal medicine for the treatment of helminthiasis, aiming to verify the possible efficacy of some plants in the prevention and treatment of helminthiases, avoiding in certain situations the prescription of benzimidazoles. Of the various medicinal plants referenced in literature and based on scientific studies, the ones that will be approached in this work with greater focus are: garlic (Allium sativum L.), pumpkin seeds (Curcubita pepo L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), since all these are cultivated in Portugal and show promising effects for the treatment of helminthiasis. In addition to these are still, more briefly mentioned, other plants that also have anti-helminth activity.
Description
Keywords
Helmintas Helmintíases Anti-helmíntico Fitoterapia Allium sativum L. Cucurbita pepo L. Punica granatum L. Helminthes Helminthiasis Anthelmintic Phytotherapy Allium sativum L. Cucurbita pepo L. Punica granatum L.