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Publication
Biofilmes e infeções associadas a dispositivos médicos
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_29704 | 1.11 MB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexo1 | 198.9 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexo2 | 362.2 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexo3 | 186.15 KB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Anexo4 | 180.34 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os biofilmes são constituídos por populações microbianas sésseis envolvidas numa matriz polissacarídea extracelular. O seu desenvolvimento é caracterizado pela adesão a superfícies abióticas, como é o caso dos dispositivos médicos (cateteres, pacemakers, próteses). Este paradigma séssil permite explicar a menor eficácia da ação dos antimicrobianos e dos mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro (Fonseca, 2011; Pinto & Fonseca, 2017).
Devido à capacidade de adesão dos microrganismos e formação de biofilme nos dispositivos, há um crescente desenvolvimento de infeções nosocomiais que representa um problema de saúde pública. A investigação científica tem de forma exaustiva procurado soluções para inibir a sua formação, que ocorre geralmente em múltiplas etapas que se sucedem (Francolini & Donelli, 2010; Junter et al., 2016).
Com a formação de biofilmes nos dipositivos médicos há um comprometimento nos procedimentos de diagnóstico e terapêutica, o que origina uma elevada preocupação dos profissionais da área. Assim, é de enorme relevância, o controlo e prevenção da formação de biofilmes. No caso de suspeita de infeção associada à presença destas comunidades microbianas sésseis deve efetuar-se o diagnóstico o mais rapidamente possível.
O diagnóstico requer avaliação dos sintomas clínicos e caso haja uma reação inflamatória persistente ou infeção crónica pode ser necessário proceder à remoção do dispositivo médico. Posteriormente deve identificar-se o(s) agente(s) causador(es) da infeção através de provas microbiológicas ou moleculares para proceder ao tratamento mais adequado (Pérez-Zárate et al., 2015; Malheiro & Simões, 2017).
Assim sendo, é importante propor aos profissionais de saúde um algoritmo terapêutico, para facilitar o processo de prevenção e diagnóstico.
Biofilm is composed of sessile microbial populations involved in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix. Its development is characterized by the adhesion to abiotic surfaces, as is the case of medical devices (catheters, pacemakers, prostheses). This sessile paradigm allows to explain the lower efficacy of antibiotic action and host defense mechanisms (Fonseca, 2011; Pinto & Fonseca, 2017). Due to the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and formation of a biofilm in the devices, there is a growing development of nosocomial infections that represents a public health problem. Scientific research has exhaustively searched solutions to inhibit its formation, which usually occurs in multiple successive stages (Francolini & Donelli, 2010; Junter et al., 2016). With the formation of biofilms in medical devices there is a compromise in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which gives rise to a high concern in the professionals of the area. Thus, the control and prevention of biofilm formation is extremely important. In case of suspicion of infection associated with the presence of these sessile microbial communities, the diagnosis should be made as soon as possible. Diagnosis requires evaluation of clinical symptoms and if there is a persistent inflammatory reaction or chronic infection it can be necessary to remove the medical device. Afterwards, the agent(s) causing the infection must be identified through microbiological or molecular tests to proceed with the most appropriate treatment (Pérez-Zárate et al., 2015, Malheiro & Simões, 2017). Therefore, it is important to propose to health professionals a therapeutic algorithm to facilitate the process of prevention and diagnosis.
Biofilm is composed of sessile microbial populations involved in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix. Its development is characterized by the adhesion to abiotic surfaces, as is the case of medical devices (catheters, pacemakers, prostheses). This sessile paradigm allows to explain the lower efficacy of antibiotic action and host defense mechanisms (Fonseca, 2011; Pinto & Fonseca, 2017). Due to the adhesion capacity of microorganisms and formation of a biofilm in the devices, there is a growing development of nosocomial infections that represents a public health problem. Scientific research has exhaustively searched solutions to inhibit its formation, which usually occurs in multiple successive stages (Francolini & Donelli, 2010; Junter et al., 2016). With the formation of biofilms in medical devices there is a compromise in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, which gives rise to a high concern in the professionals of the area. Thus, the control and prevention of biofilm formation is extremely important. In case of suspicion of infection associated with the presence of these sessile microbial communities, the diagnosis should be made as soon as possible. Diagnosis requires evaluation of clinical symptoms and if there is a persistent inflammatory reaction or chronic infection it can be necessary to remove the medical device. Afterwards, the agent(s) causing the infection must be identified through microbiological or molecular tests to proceed with the most appropriate treatment (Pérez-Zárate et al., 2015, Malheiro & Simões, 2017). Therefore, it is important to propose to health professionals a therapeutic algorithm to facilitate the process of prevention and diagnosis.
Description
Keywords
Dispositivos médicos Biofilmes Prevenção Diagnóstico Medical devices Biofilms Prevention Diagnostics