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A influência do tabaco sobre o sucesso dos implantes: estudo observacional
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São inúmeros os fatores que ditam o sucesso ou falha do tratamento com implantes dentários, entre os quais se encontram os hábitos tabágicos já que a exposição constante ao fumo do cigarro, a longo prazo causa alterações no metabolismo ósseo, na osteogénese e na angiogénese, que são importantes na osteointegração. Havendo alterações nestes processos, há maior risco de falha do implante. Já os médicos dentistas têm habilidades, competências e conhecimentos necessários para consciencializar os pacientes sobre os efeitos nocivos que o tabaco provoca na cavidade oral, da importância acrescida da higiene oral em fumadores, bem como os benefícios da sua cessação. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é examinar as perceções e comportamentos dos pacientes fumadores em relação aos implantes dentários assim como de que forma são transmitidas as informações pelos médicos dentistas e como influenciam a decisão do paciente, principalmente no que diz respeito a alterações comportamentais necessárias para garantir o sucesso do implante dentário. O estudo transversal foi baseado em dois questionários online (Google Forms) aplicados a dois grupos distintos, um foi destinado a pacientes que receberam implantes dentários e outro destinado a médicos dentistas que realizaram a colocação de implantes dentários em pacientes fumadores. No fim do período de disponibilização dos questionários, foram recolhidas 51 respostas válidas. Foram obtidas 31 respostas validadas para pacientes fumadores, reabilitados com implantes dentários e 20 respostas para médicos-dentistas que já colocaram implantes dentários em pacientes fumadores. Verificou-se que, relativamente ao género dos inquiridos, existe uma predominância do género feminino (65 % nos pacientes fumadores e 70% nos médicos dentistas). Relativamente à idade dos pacientes, existe uma predominância dos jovens adultos com 51,6% apresentando idades entre os 18 e os 24 anos e 29% apresentando idade entre os 25 e 44 anos. O mesmo se verifica na idade dos médicos-dentistas com 55% apresentando idades entre os 18 e os 24 anos e 40% apresentando idade entre os 25 e 44 anos. Verificou-se também que a maioria dos pacientes fumadores que colocaram implantes alterou os seus hábitos tabágicos para a colocação dos mesmos, assim como foram informados por parte do médico-dentista das consequências de fumar no sucesso dos implantes dentários. Também a maioria dos médicos-dentistas não deixa de realizar o procedimento de colocação de implantes mesmo que os seus pacientes não deixem de fumar ou não alterem os seus hábitos tabágicos e as principais complicações relatadas pelos médicos-dentistas em pacientes fumadores são a má cicatrização, perda de osteointegração ou perda do implante. Futuramente, recomenda-se a realização de estudos com amostras de tamanho superior e que incluam informação completa sobre os hábitos tabágicos dos pacientes.
There are numerous factors that dictate the success or failure of dental implant treatment, among which are smoking habits, since constant exposure to cigarette smoke, in the long term, causes changes in bone metabolism, osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which are important in osseointegration. If there are changes in these processes, there is a greater risk of implant failure. Dentists have the skills, competencies and knowledge necessary to make patients aware of the harmful effects that tobacco causes in the oral cavity, the additional importance of oral hygiene for smokers, as well as the benefits of quitting. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the perceptions and behaviors of smoking patients in relation to dental implants, as well as how information is transmitted by dentists and how it influences the patient's decision, especially with regard to behavioral changes necessary to ensure the success of the dental implant. The cross-sectional study was based on two online questionnaires (Google Forms) applied to two distinct groups, one intended for patients who received dental implants and the other intended for dentists who placed dental implants in smoking patients. At the end of the period in which the questionnaires were made available, 51 valid responses were collected. Thirty-one validated responses were obtained for smoking patients rehabilitated with dental implants and 20 responses for dentists who had already placed dental implants in smoking patients. It was found that, in relation to the gender of the interviewees, there is a predominance of the female gender (65% of smoking patients and 70% of dentists). Regarding the age of patients, there is a predominance of young adults with 51.6% aged between 18 and 24 years and 29% aged between 25 and 44 years. The same is true for the age of dentists, with 55% aged between 18 and 24 years and 40% aged between 25 and 44 years. It was also found that most of the smoking patients who had implants placed changed their smoking habits in order to have the implants placed and were also informed by the dentist about the consequences of smoking on the success of the dental implants. Also, most dentists do not stop performing the implant placement procedure even if their patients do not stop smoking or do not change their smoking habits and the main complications reported by dentists in smoking patients are poor healing, loss of osseointegration or loss of the implant. In the future, it is recommended that studies be carried out with larger sample sizes and that include complete information on patients' smoking habits.
There are numerous factors that dictate the success or failure of dental implant treatment, among which are smoking habits, since constant exposure to cigarette smoke, in the long term, causes changes in bone metabolism, osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which are important in osseointegration. If there are changes in these processes, there is a greater risk of implant failure. Dentists have the skills, competencies and knowledge necessary to make patients aware of the harmful effects that tobacco causes in the oral cavity, the additional importance of oral hygiene for smokers, as well as the benefits of quitting. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the perceptions and behaviors of smoking patients in relation to dental implants, as well as how information is transmitted by dentists and how it influences the patient's decision, especially with regard to behavioral changes necessary to ensure the success of the dental implant. The cross-sectional study was based on two online questionnaires (Google Forms) applied to two distinct groups, one intended for patients who received dental implants and the other intended for dentists who placed dental implants in smoking patients. At the end of the period in which the questionnaires were made available, 51 valid responses were collected. Thirty-one validated responses were obtained for smoking patients rehabilitated with dental implants and 20 responses for dentists who had already placed dental implants in smoking patients. It was found that, in relation to the gender of the interviewees, there is a predominance of the female gender (65% of smoking patients and 70% of dentists). Regarding the age of patients, there is a predominance of young adults with 51.6% aged between 18 and 24 years and 29% aged between 25 and 44 years. The same is true for the age of dentists, with 55% aged between 18 and 24 years and 40% aged between 25 and 44 years. It was also found that most of the smoking patients who had implants placed changed their smoking habits in order to have the implants placed and were also informed by the dentist about the consequences of smoking on the success of the dental implants. Also, most dentists do not stop performing the implant placement procedure even if their patients do not stop smoking or do not change their smoking habits and the main complications reported by dentists in smoking patients are poor healing, loss of osseointegration or loss of the implant. In the future, it is recommended that studies be carried out with larger sample sizes and that include complete information on patients' smoking habits.
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Implantes dentários Tabaco Perda do implante Consciencialização Medicina dentária Dental implants Tobacco Implant loss Awareness Dentistry