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Impactos éticos da aplicação clínica da inteligência artificial na medicina dentária: uma revisão de escopo
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Introdução: Inteligência artificial (IA) é uma área que cada vez mais é incorporada na medicina dentária como forma de aprimorar a prática clínica atual, oferecendo ferramentas inovadoras para diagnóstico, planeamento de tratamentos e gestão clínica. Apesar de ser uma área revolucionária, apresenta diversos desafios éticos complexos, como privacidade e proteção de dados dos pacientes, autonomia do paciente e do profissional, transparência dos sistemas de IA, equidade e justiça no acesso às tecnologias e impacto na relação profissional-paciente.
Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os artigos existentes que explorem os impactos éticos da aplicação clínica de IA na medicina dentária. Analisar os contextos em que essa tecnologia é aplicada, discutir os principais desafios éticos da sua aplicação, examinar as regulamentações e recomendações éticas já existentes ou propostas para garantir o seu uso responsável, com o intuito de contribuir para uma reflexão abrangente e acessível que apoie discussões e decisões informadas neste campo.
Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada dia 13 de fevereiro de 2025, abrangendo as bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus e Science Direct, e recorreu a termos MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) combinados com os operadores booleanos AND e OR. Foram selecionados estudos teóricos, empíricos, revisões sistemáticas e de escopo que explorassem a aplicação da IA em contextos clínicos de medicina dentária e seus impactos éticos, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, de 2020 até o presente.
Resultados: Após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção, dos 5284 artigos identificados inicialmente, apenas 18 artigos cumpriam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, e foram selecionados para realizar a discussão.
Conclusões: A IA tem um enorme potencial para transformar e melhorar a prática clínica na medicina dentária, no entanto, a sua aplicação exige uma abordagem ética rigorosa, além de uma formação adequada dos profissionais e uma regulamentação clara, de forma a garantir que os princípios éticos sejam sempre respeitados.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area that is increasingly being integrated into dentistry as a means to enhance current clinical practice, offering innovative tools for diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical management. Although it is a revolutionary field, it presents several complex ethical challenges, such as patient privacy and data protection, patient and professional autonomy, AI system transparency, equity and fairness in access to technologies, and its impact on the professional-patient relationship. Objective: This review aims to identify and analyse existing studies that explore the ethical impacts of the clinical application of AI in dentistry. To examine the contexts in which this technology is applied, discuss the main ethical challenges associated with its use, and review the existing or proposed regulations and ethical guidelines intended to ensure its responsible implementation. The aim is to contribute to a comprehensive and accessible reflection that supports informed discussions and decision-making in this field. Methods: The literature search was conducted on February 13, 2025, using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The search employed MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. The selection included theoretical and empirical studies, as well as systematic and scoping reviews that explored the clinical application of AI in dentistry and its ethical impacts. Studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2020 to the present were considered. Results: After applying the selection criteria, from the initial 5,284 articles identified, only 18 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected for discussion. Conclusions: AI holds significant potential to transform and improve clinical practice in dentistry. However, its application requires a rigorous ethical approach, adequate professional training, and clear regulations to ensure that ethical principles are consistently upheld.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area that is increasingly being integrated into dentistry as a means to enhance current clinical practice, offering innovative tools for diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical management. Although it is a revolutionary field, it presents several complex ethical challenges, such as patient privacy and data protection, patient and professional autonomy, AI system transparency, equity and fairness in access to technologies, and its impact on the professional-patient relationship. Objective: This review aims to identify and analyse existing studies that explore the ethical impacts of the clinical application of AI in dentistry. To examine the contexts in which this technology is applied, discuss the main ethical challenges associated with its use, and review the existing or proposed regulations and ethical guidelines intended to ensure its responsible implementation. The aim is to contribute to a comprehensive and accessible reflection that supports informed discussions and decision-making in this field. Methods: The literature search was conducted on February 13, 2025, using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The search employed MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. The selection included theoretical and empirical studies, as well as systematic and scoping reviews that explored the clinical application of AI in dentistry and its ethical impacts. Studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish from 2020 to the present were considered. Results: After applying the selection criteria, from the initial 5,284 articles identified, only 18 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected for discussion. Conclusions: AI holds significant potential to transform and improve clinical practice in dentistry. However, its application requires a rigorous ethical approach, adequate professional training, and clear regulations to ensure that ethical principles are consistently upheld.
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Palavras-chave
Inteligência artificial IA Aprendizagem automática Aprendizagem profunda Dentista Ética Artificial intelligence AI Machine learning Deep learning Dentist Ethics