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Influência do vínculo pais-bebê no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor do recém-nascido: conhecimentos e práticas de fisioterapeutas em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O conhecimento da equipe multidisciplinar em relação à importância do vínculo entre pais e bebês para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) de recém-nascidos (RN) é abordado em poucos estudos, sendo que a inclusão nestes de fisioterapeutas é escasso ou inexistente. O objetivo principal desse estudo é analisar o conhecimento sobre a importância do incentivo ao vínculo pais-bebê no DNPM de RN, identificar as práticas instituídas, e agentes facilitadores/barreiras percebidas por fisioterapeutas que trabalham em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Metodologia: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo realizado com fisioterapeutas das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal da rede pública de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Recolha de dados utilizando um questionário desenvolvido para o efeito, autoaplicado, com respostas fechadas e abertas. Análise de resultados com recurso a análise de conteúdo (questões abertas) e a análise quantitativa (questões fechadas e abertas pós análise de conteúdo) foi realizada com o software IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs 26.0. Resultados: Participaram 42 fisioterapeutas com idade média de 34,3 (± 5,4) anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (95,2%), e 56,7% com especialização/ residência na área de neonatologia. A maioria dos participantes sabe “o que é o vínculo”, todos consideram importante incentivar esta relação entre pais e bebês para o DNPM e afirmam estimular a sua formação na unidade onde trabalham pelo menos “às vezes”. As práticas de incentivo ao vínculo mais citadas foram o contato pele a pele (76,2%), o incentivo ao toque (61,9%) e o incentivo para que os pais conversem/cantem com os seus bebês (50%). Os principais agentes facilitadores descritos estão relacionados a equipe multidisciplinar e as principais barreiras também incluem a equipe multidisciplinar, além de condições associadas a dinâmica da UTIN. Conclusão: A maioria dos fisioterapeutas tem conhecimento sobre o que é o vínculo e todos consideram importante a formação do vínculo para o DNPM do RN. Todos os participantes referem utilizar vários meios/condutas para incentivar esta relação pais-bebê e identificam a equipe multidisciplinar como principal agente facilitador/barreira deste processo.
Introduction: The knowledge of the multidisciplinary team in relation to the importance of the bond between parents and babies for the neuropsychomotor development (DNPM) of newborns (NB) is approached in few studies, and the inclusion in these of physiotherapists is scarce or nonexistent. The main objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge about the importance of the incentive to the baby parents’ bond in the DNPM of NB, to identify the practices instituted, and facilitating agents/barriers perceived by physiotherapists working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Methodology: Observational, transversal and descriptive study performed with physiotherapists of Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the public network of a city in Northeast Brazil. Data collection using a self-administered questionnaire with closed and open answers. Analysis of results using content analysis (open questions) and quantitative analysis (closed and open questions after content analysis) was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs 26.0 software. Results: A total of 42 physiotherapists with a mean age of 34.3 (± 5.4) years, mostly female (95.2%), and 56.7% with specialization/residency in the neonatology area participated. Most participants know "what the bond is", all consider it important to encourage this relationship between parents and babies for the DNPM and claim to encourage their training in the unit where they work at least "sometimes." The most cited link incentive practices were skin-to-skin contact (76.2%), touch incentive (61.9%) and encouragement for parents to talk/sing with their babies (50%). The main facilitators described are related to the multidisciplinary team and the main barriers also include the multidisciplinary team, in addition to conditions associated with the dynamics of the NICU. Conclusion: Most physiotherapists have knowledge about what the link is, and all consider it important to form the link to the DNPM of the RN. All participants refer to using various means/conduits to encourage this parent-child relationship and identify the multidisciplinary team as the main facilitator/barrier agent of this process.
Introduction: The knowledge of the multidisciplinary team in relation to the importance of the bond between parents and babies for the neuropsychomotor development (DNPM) of newborns (NB) is approached in few studies, and the inclusion in these of physiotherapists is scarce or nonexistent. The main objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge about the importance of the incentive to the baby parents’ bond in the DNPM of NB, to identify the practices instituted, and facilitating agents/barriers perceived by physiotherapists working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Methodology: Observational, transversal and descriptive study performed with physiotherapists of Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the public network of a city in Northeast Brazil. Data collection using a self-administered questionnaire with closed and open answers. Analysis of results using content analysis (open questions) and quantitative analysis (closed and open questions after content analysis) was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs 26.0 software. Results: A total of 42 physiotherapists with a mean age of 34.3 (± 5.4) years, mostly female (95.2%), and 56.7% with specialization/residency in the neonatology area participated. Most participants know "what the bond is", all consider it important to encourage this relationship between parents and babies for the DNPM and claim to encourage their training in the unit where they work at least "sometimes." The most cited link incentive practices were skin-to-skin contact (76.2%), touch incentive (61.9%) and encouragement for parents to talk/sing with their babies (50%). The main facilitators described are related to the multidisciplinary team and the main barriers also include the multidisciplinary team, in addition to conditions associated with the dynamics of the NICU. Conclusion: Most physiotherapists have knowledge about what the link is, and all consider it important to form the link to the DNPM of the RN. All participants refer to using various means/conduits to encourage this parent-child relationship and identify the multidisciplinary team as the main facilitator/barrier agent of this process.
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Keywords
Vínculo pais-bebê Fisioterapia Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor Recém-nascido Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal Parent-baby bond Physiotherapy Neuropsychomotor development Newborn Neonatal intensive care unit