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Publication
Canábis medicinal: efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38162 | 1.05 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
À luz das recentes mudanças legislativas, a canábis e seus derivados podem agora ser prescritos para uso medicinal em muitos países. Isso proporcionou novas oportunidades terapêuticas para o tratamento de uma variedade de doenças e sintomas clínicos, entre os quais a dor crónica, a espasticidade na esclerose múltipla, as convulsões na epilepsia refratária, as náuseas e/ou vómitos intratáveis, a depressão e a ansiedade. Uma vasta gama de produtos à base de canábis, incluindo flores secas, extratos da planta padronizados, produtos contendo apenas delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol ou canabidiol e canabinoides sintéticos puros estão disponíveis para fins terapêuticos. No entanto, a canábis medicinal também pode apresentar riscos à saúde associados ao seu uso, sobretudo devido aos seus efeitos psicoativos. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura atual sobre os efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas da canábis e/ou dos seus componentes. Com base nos dados de ensaios clínicos, os efeitos adversos mais comuns da canábis medicinal são distúrbios cognitivos e neuropsiquiátricos (sonolência, perda de peso, fadiga, tonturas, alterações comportamentais), gastrointestinais (náuseas, vómitos e diarreia) e cardíacos (taquicardia, bradicardia e hipotensão). O delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol possui potencial de abuso e adição, mas isso não se verifica para o canabidiol, ou é residual. Há ainda o risco de reações adversas devido a interações com outros medicamentos, entre os quais se destacam os indutores/inibidores do citocromo P450 e os depressores do sistema nervoso central. Os grupos com maior probabilidade de desenvolverem complicações associadas ao uso de canábis medicinal são as grávidas, as crianças e adolescentes, e os idosos.
In light of the latest legislative changes, cannabis and its derivatives can now be prescribed for medicinal use in many countries. This has created new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of a variety of diseases and clinical symptoms, including chronic pain, spasticity in multiple sclerosis, seizures in refractory epilepsy, intractable nausea and/or vomiting, depression and anxiety. A wide range of cannabis-based products, including dried flowers, standardized plant extracts, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol- or cannabidiol-only products, and pure synthetic cannabinoids are available for therapeutic purposes. However, medical cannabis can also pose health risks associated with its use, mainly due to its psychoactive effects. This dissertation aimed to review the current literature on the adverse effects and drug interactions of cannabis and/or its components. Based on clinical trial data, the most common adverse effects of medical cannabis are cognitive and neuropsychiatric (drowsiness, weight loss, weakness, dizziness, behavioral changes), gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) and cardiac (tachycardia, bradycardia and hypotension) disorders. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol has dependence and addictive potential, but this is not observed for cannabidiol, or is residual. There is also a potential of harmful effects from interactions with other medications, particularly cytochrome P450 inducers/inhibitors and central nervous system depressants. The groups most likely to develop complications associated with medical cannabis use are pregnant women, children, teenagers, and the elderly.
In light of the latest legislative changes, cannabis and its derivatives can now be prescribed for medicinal use in many countries. This has created new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of a variety of diseases and clinical symptoms, including chronic pain, spasticity in multiple sclerosis, seizures in refractory epilepsy, intractable nausea and/or vomiting, depression and anxiety. A wide range of cannabis-based products, including dried flowers, standardized plant extracts, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol- or cannabidiol-only products, and pure synthetic cannabinoids are available for therapeutic purposes. However, medical cannabis can also pose health risks associated with its use, mainly due to its psychoactive effects. This dissertation aimed to review the current literature on the adverse effects and drug interactions of cannabis and/or its components. Based on clinical trial data, the most common adverse effects of medical cannabis are cognitive and neuropsychiatric (drowsiness, weight loss, weakness, dizziness, behavioral changes), gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) and cardiac (tachycardia, bradycardia and hypotension) disorders. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol has dependence and addictive potential, but this is not observed for cannabidiol, or is residual. There is also a potential of harmful effects from interactions with other medications, particularly cytochrome P450 inducers/inhibitors and central nervous system depressants. The groups most likely to develop complications associated with medical cannabis use are pregnant women, children, teenagers, and the elderly.
Description
Keywords
Canábis medicinal Efeitos adversos Interações medicamentosas Segurança Toxicidade Medical cannabis Adverse effects Drug interactions Safety Toxicity