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Distúrbios temporomandibulares e a disfunção cervical em estudantes de medicina dentária: estudo observacional
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Este estudo, de cariz transversal e observacional, teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e a gravidade dos distúrbios temporomandibulares (DTM) e disfunção cervical (DC) em estudantes do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, bem como identificar potenciais fatores associados. A amostra foi constituída por 157 estudantes e foram aplicados o Questionário Anamnésico de Fonseca para diagnóstico de DTM e o Índice de Incapacidade Cervical para diagnóstico de DC. Os resultados evidenciaram uma elevada prevalência de DTM, com 66,4% dos estudantes a reportarem pelo menos um sintoma, dos quais cerca de 30% apresentaram quadros de gravidade moderada a severa. As mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de DTM moderado a grave em comparação com os homens. Observou-se maior prevalência de sintomas de DTM nos 4.º e 5.º anos do curso. Nos resultados do Índice de Incapacidade Cervical, foi evidenciado que o 35,7% dos participantes tem dor no momento do questionário, condicionando atividades como o cuidado pessoal (8,3%), levantar objetos (21,7%), ler (41%), prestar atenção (35%), trabalho (26,8%), conduzir automóvel (23,9%), e diversão (28,7%). Salienta-se que a maioria dos estudantes, o 54,1% apresenta dores de cabeça, e que cerca de 43,9% apresenta pelo menos um tipo de alteração do sono devido a dores cervicais. Conclui-se que os estudantes de Medicina Dentária apresentam elevada prevalência de DTM e disfunção cervical, com impacto significativo na qualidade de vida, sendo essencial a implementação de estratégias preventivas e de intervenção precoce ao longo da formação académica.
This cross-sectional and observational study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and cervical dysfunction (CD) among students of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Dental Medicine at Universidade Fernando Pessoa, as well as to identify potential associated factors. The sample consisted of 157 students, and the Fonseca Anamnestic Index was applied for the diagnosis of TMD, while the Neck Disability Index was used for the diagnosis of CD. The results revealed a high prevalence of TMD, with 66.4% of students reporting at least one symptom, of which approximately 30% presented moderate to severe cases. Women showed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe TMD compared to men. A higher prevalence of TMD symptoms was also observed in the 4th and 5th years of the program. According to the Neck Disability Index results, 35.7% of participants reported pain at the time of the survey, interfering with activities such as personal care (8.3%), lifting objects (21.7%), reading (41%), concentration (35%), work (26.8%), driving (23.9%), and recreation (28.7%). It is noteworthy that the majority of students (54.1%) reported headaches, and approximately 43.9% presented at least one type of sleep disturbance related to cervical pain. In conclusion, dental students present a high prevalence of TMD and cervical dysfunction, with a significant impact on quality of life, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and early intervention throughout academic training.
This cross-sectional and observational study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and cervical dysfunction (CD) among students of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Dental Medicine at Universidade Fernando Pessoa, as well as to identify potential associated factors. The sample consisted of 157 students, and the Fonseca Anamnestic Index was applied for the diagnosis of TMD, while the Neck Disability Index was used for the diagnosis of CD. The results revealed a high prevalence of TMD, with 66.4% of students reporting at least one symptom, of which approximately 30% presented moderate to severe cases. Women showed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe TMD compared to men. A higher prevalence of TMD symptoms was also observed in the 4th and 5th years of the program. According to the Neck Disability Index results, 35.7% of participants reported pain at the time of the survey, interfering with activities such as personal care (8.3%), lifting objects (21.7%), reading (41%), concentration (35%), work (26.8%), driving (23.9%), and recreation (28.7%). It is noteworthy that the majority of students (54.1%) reported headaches, and approximately 43.9% presented at least one type of sleep disturbance related to cervical pain. In conclusion, dental students present a high prevalence of TMD and cervical dysfunction, with a significant impact on quality of life, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and early intervention throughout academic training.
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Articulação temporomandibular Distúrbios temporomandibulares Estudantes de medicina dentária Disfunção cervical Incapacidade cervical Temporomandibular joint Temporomandibular disorders Dental students Cervical dysfunction Neck disability