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Publication
Obesidade: etiologia e tratamento
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_24066 | 3.34 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A obesidade é considerada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como uma
epidemia global, sendo um problema de saúde pública grave, com repercussões também
ao nível económico, direto e indireto, e social. Com elevada prevalência nos países
desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, a obesidade é uma patologia com etiologia
multifatorial, na qual os fatores comportamentais, genéticos e ambientais assumem um
papel determinante.
Aparecendo em comorbilidade com várias doenças crónicas, como a diabetes mellitus
tipo II e a hipertensão arterial, a obesidade é responsável pelo aumento da morbilidade e
mortalidade, podendo este ser evitado ao recorrer a planos adequados de prevenção e
tratamento desta doença. As alterações efetuadas na alimentação e estilo de vida do
indivíduo obeso muitas vezes não são suficientes para ocorrer a perda de peso necessária,
havendo a necessidade de recorrer a tratamentos farmacológicos ou cirúrgicos. Nos
últimos anos, depois de um passado de sucessivos problemas relativos à segurança, a
Administração de Alimentos e Medicamentos (FDA) e a Agência Europeia do
Medicamento (EMA) aprovaram a comercialização de novos fármacos para o tratamento
da obesidade a longo prazo, que cada vez são mais eficazes e inócuos, melhorando
ativamente a saúde física e psíquica do doente e a sua qualidade de vida. Todavia, apesar
dos progressos significativos, a obesidade continua a ser um premente desafio de saúde
pública, que necessita de uma pesquisa contínua e pró-ativa, de forma a compreender
minuciosamente a base etiológica desta doença crónica, para poder combatê-la
eficazmente.
Com este trabalho pretende-se fazer uma revisão bibliográfica das informações mais
recentes sobre a obesidade, conhecer os mecanismos de controlo do apetite e as opções
de tratamento disponíveis, as reações adversas decorrentes da sua utilização e a sua
eficácia clínica.
Obesity is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global epidemic, constituting a serious public health problem, with also consequences at economic and social level. With greater prevalence in developed and underdeveloped countries, obesity is a pathology with multifactorial etiology in which behavioural, genetic and environmental factors play a relevant role. Appearing in comorbidity with several chronical diseases, such as type II diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, obesity is responsible for the increase in morbidity and mortality. Investing in appropriate prevention and treatment plans will help avoid this serious growth. Changes in lifestyle and eating habits might not be enough for an obese patient to lose the required weight, and in this case it is necessary to adopt pharmaceutical or surgical treatments. In the past there were successive safety issues, but in the last years the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the distribution of new long-term obesity treatment drugs, more effective and harmless, that actively increase the patient´s physical and mental health and quality of life. However, in spite of the substantial progress, obesity remains a challenge for public health. Therefore, continuous investigation is needed to try to understand the etiological base of this chronical disease, in order to effectively fight it. This thesis pretends to be an updated bibliographic review on obesity, the appetite control mechanisms, anti-obesity drugs and its adverse drug reactions and clinical effectiveness.
Obesity is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global epidemic, constituting a serious public health problem, with also consequences at economic and social level. With greater prevalence in developed and underdeveloped countries, obesity is a pathology with multifactorial etiology in which behavioural, genetic and environmental factors play a relevant role. Appearing in comorbidity with several chronical diseases, such as type II diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, obesity is responsible for the increase in morbidity and mortality. Investing in appropriate prevention and treatment plans will help avoid this serious growth. Changes in lifestyle and eating habits might not be enough for an obese patient to lose the required weight, and in this case it is necessary to adopt pharmaceutical or surgical treatments. In the past there were successive safety issues, but in the last years the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the distribution of new long-term obesity treatment drugs, more effective and harmless, that actively increase the patient´s physical and mental health and quality of life. However, in spite of the substantial progress, obesity remains a challenge for public health. Therefore, continuous investigation is needed to try to understand the etiological base of this chronical disease, in order to effectively fight it. This thesis pretends to be an updated bibliographic review on obesity, the appetite control mechanisms, anti-obesity drugs and its adverse drug reactions and clinical effectiveness.
Description
Keywords
Obesidade Síndrome metabólica Orlistato Fentermina e Topiramato Lorcaserina Naltrexona e Bupropiona Liraglutido Cirurgia bariátrica Obesity Metabolic syndrome Orlistat Phentermine and Topiramate Lorcaserin Naltrexone and Bupropion Liraglutide Bariatric surgery