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Necessidades nutricionais na grávida atleta e na grávida fisicamente ativa
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Abstract(s)
No decorrer da gravidez, seja uma atleta ou uma mulher fisicamente ativa, as recomendações nutricionais devem centrar-se no consumo energético adequado e de micronutrientes adequado, de forma a garantir-se um adequado estado nutricional. O principal objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi compreender as necessidades nutricionais e energéticas de uma grávida atleta ou fisicamente ativa.
A revisão da literatura teve como pesquisa bibliográfica o PubMed, b-on, Science Direct e pesquisa manual. De um total de 14 938 publicações, apenas 20 foram selecionadas seguindo os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão.
Os principais resultados indicam que a alimentação da grávida atleta ou fisicamente ativa deve sofrer alterações, de forma a que todas as necessidades energéticas e nutricionais sejam atingidas. A ingestão de hidratos de carbono deve ser de 175g/dia, a de lípidos de 8 g/dia no primeiro trimestre, 26 g/dia no segundo trimestre e quantidades muito variáveis no terceiro trimestre, de 7 a 23 g/dia. Estas mulheres devem, simultaneamente, assegurar uma suplementação multivitamínica. Assim, a energia estimada para mulheres grávidas fisicamente ativas, com idade de referência 19 anos, é de 2740 Kcal/dia e 2852 Kcal/dia para o segundo e terceiro semestres.
Inúmeras mudanças fisiológicas e metabólicas durante a gravidez, pelo que é importante que este grupo populacional cumpra as recomendações nutricionais específicas, capazes de orientar positivamente o desenrolar da gestação, e o futuro nutricional do feto e da própria mãe.
During pregnancy, being an athlete or a physically active woman, nutritional recommendations should focus on adequate energy and micronutrients consumption in order to ensure an adequate nutritional status. The main objective of this literature review was to understand the nutritional and energy needs of a pregnant athlete or physically active. The literature review included PubMed, b-on, Science Direct and manual research. Of a total of 14,938 publications, only 20 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main results indicate that the diet of the pregnant athlete or physically active must undergo changes, so that all energy and nutritional needs are met. The intake of carbohydrates should be 175 g / day, that of lipids 8 g / day in the first quarter, 26 g / day in the second quarter and very variable amounts in the third quarter, from 7 to 23 g / day. These women must, simultaneously, ingest a multivitamin mixture, in order to guarantee the correct supply of vitamins and minerals. Thus, the estimated energy for physically active pregnant women, with a reference age of 19 years, is 2740 Kcal / day and 2852 Kcal / day for the second and third semesters. Several physiological and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy, and therefore it is important that this population group complies with specific nutritional recommendations, capable of positively guiding the course of pregnancy, and the nutritional future of the fetus and the mother herself.
During pregnancy, being an athlete or a physically active woman, nutritional recommendations should focus on adequate energy and micronutrients consumption in order to ensure an adequate nutritional status. The main objective of this literature review was to understand the nutritional and energy needs of a pregnant athlete or physically active. The literature review included PubMed, b-on, Science Direct and manual research. Of a total of 14,938 publications, only 20 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main results indicate that the diet of the pregnant athlete or physically active must undergo changes, so that all energy and nutritional needs are met. The intake of carbohydrates should be 175 g / day, that of lipids 8 g / day in the first quarter, 26 g / day in the second quarter and very variable amounts in the third quarter, from 7 to 23 g / day. These women must, simultaneously, ingest a multivitamin mixture, in order to guarantee the correct supply of vitamins and minerals. Thus, the estimated energy for physically active pregnant women, with a reference age of 19 years, is 2740 Kcal / day and 2852 Kcal / day for the second and third semesters. Several physiological and metabolic changes occur during pregnancy, and therefore it is important that this population group complies with specific nutritional recommendations, capable of positively guiding the course of pregnancy, and the nutritional future of the fetus and the mother herself.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Necessidades energéticas Necessidades nutricionais Atleta Grávida Mulher fisicamente ativa Energy needs Nutritional needs Athlete Pregnancy Physically active woman