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- Editorial: Mental health literacy: how to obtain and maintain positive mental healthPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sampaio, Francisco; Pinho, Lara Guedes de; Araújo, Odete; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Sousa, Lia
- Positive mental health in university students and its relations with psychological vulnerability, mental health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics: a descriptive correlational studyPublication . Teixeira, Sónia; Ferré-Grau, Carme; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Pires, Regina; Carvalho, J.C.; Carvalho Ribeiro, Isilda Maria Oliveira; Sequeira, Carolina; Rodrigues, Teresa; Sampaio, Francisco; Costa, Tiago; Sequeira, CarlosThis study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = −2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = −3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = −2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = −1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students’ PMH intervention needs.
- Intervenções psicoterapêuticas de enfermagem NIC na prática clínica em Portugal: Um estudo descritivoPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaCONTEXTO: O Regulamento n.º 129/2011 refere que os enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica (ESMP) têm a competência para prestar cuidados de âmbito psicoterapêutico. Porém, este não especifica que intervenções psicoterapêuticas podem ser executados pelos mesmos nem analisa a realidade, a nível nacional, neste domínio. OBJETIVO: Identificar a frequência da execução das intervenções psicoterapêuticas NIC na prática clínica, a relação percebida pelos enfermeiros entre a formação e os conhecimentos e competências necessários para a execução das mesmas, a forma habitual da sua execução, e os fatores percebidos pelos enfermeiros como facilitadores e dificultadores da execução das intervenções psicoterapêuticas NIC na prática clínica. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal. Recorreu-se a uma amostragem não probabilística por redes para obter dados juntos de enfermeiros especialistas em ESMP. O número total de participantes foi de 83 enfermeiros. A colheita de dados decorreu entre maio e junho de 2014 e foi realizada por via de um questionário online. RESULTADOS: O aconselhamento foi apontado como a intervenção psicoterapêutica NIC mais realizada pelos enfermeiros na prática clínica, sendo também aquela relativamente à qual estes consideram ter tido mais formação e uma das que realizam de forma mais autónoma. A motivação individual é o fator apontado como principal facilitador para a execução de intervenções psicoterapêuticas na prática clínica. CONCLUSÕES: Tendo em vista o incremento da execução de intervenções psicoterapêuticas na prática clínica parece essencial um maior investimento na abordagem dessas intervenções ao nível formativo, bem como tomar medidas que permitam aumentar a motivação individual dos enfermeiros e garantam a existência de dotações seguras.
- Contributes for the development of a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing: A focus group study in Portugal and SpainPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaPurpose To explore the aspects set forth as the minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing. Design and Methods Two focus groups were conducted, with the participation of 15 nursing professionals. Data were analysed thematically. Findings Five topics previously identified were analysed: theoretical conceptualization, structure, patients’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, operationalization, and evaluation of the intervention(s) effectiveness. Theoretical conceptualization has been mainly grounded on Peplau's theory. Moreover, participants believe that standardized nursing language and nursing process should be the presumptions of the model. Practice Implications This study allowed the identification of a minimum set of features that should integrate a psychotherapeutic intervention model in nursing, about which consensus must be reached with a view to its further development.
- Nursing process addressing the focus “anxiety”: a scoping reviewPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Gonçalves, Patrícia; Parola, Vítor; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaThe aim of this review was to map the body of literature on data, diagnoses and interventions addressing the nursing focus “anxiety.” A scoping review methodology was employed. The Joanna Briggs guidelines for scoping reviews and PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews were followed. Electronic database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL and Web of Science) located 829 articles. From the total of articles located, 165 were included. The nursing diagnosis “anxiety” can be considered a parent diagnosis, from which other children diagnoses are derived. Data that lead to nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain can be divided into cognitive and somatic data. Some interventions, such as educational and music-based interventions, seem to be useful to address nursing diagnoses in the anxiety domain. The findings of this review can add substantial value for systematising the nursing process related to the focus “anxiety.” Therefore, reaching consensus regarding this nursing process seems highly relevant.
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of NOC Outcomes “Anxiety Level” and “Anxiety Self-Control” in a Portuguese Outpatient SamplePublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Araújo, Odete; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Martins, TeresaPURPOSE To adopt the language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of “Anxiety level” and “Anxiety self‐control” NOC outcomes in Portuguese adult patients. METHODS Methodological design. FINDINGS The final European Portuguese version of the NOC outcome “Anxiety level,” composed by 16 indicators, proved excellent internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was forced to three factors. The NOC outcome “Anxiety self‐control,” composed of nine indicators, demonstrated a questionable internal consistency. EFA was forced to two factors. CONCLUSIONS European Portuguese versions of the studied NOC outcomes proved to be tools with acceptable psychometric properties for evaluating anxiety in Portuguese patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This study contributed to the development of NOC language and to the enrichment of nursing's body of knowledge.
- Nurses’ perspective about the mental health first aid training programmes for adolescents in upper secondary schools: a focus group studyPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio R.Introduction: Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes performed by nurses can empower adolescents to aid people with mental health problems. There do not appear to be any studies that describe these healthier interventions aimed at adolescents in upper secondary schools. The development of these educational interventions benefits from the input of their participants and facilitators. Aim: To explore the perspective of nurses about Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes for adolescents in upper secondary schools. Method: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected from seven mental health nurses during two focus group sessions. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: Twelve themes were identified around nine main areas: facilitators, intervention foci, outcomes assessment methods, process assessment methods, participants, implementation context, duration and frequency, intervention methods and strategies, and contents. Discussion: Mental health nurses can regularly perform these classroom interventions to improve the mental health competencies of adolescents. Various educational methods can facilitate learning related to mental health literacy components, mental health nursing problems and the first aid plan. Valid and appropriate assessment methods enhance a good representation of these interventions. Implications for Practice: This evidence can guide the creation and modelling of these first aid training programmes.
- Development of a clinical data model addressing the nursing focus “anxiety”: a consensus development studyPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Gonçalves, Patrícia; P., Vieira-Marques; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, TeresaAnxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, anxiety is not exclusive to anxiety disorders. In fact, the nursing discipline approaches anxiety as a human response to health conditions/life processes. Health information systems should primarily contribute to improving the quality of care, patient safety, and the effectiveness of care delivery. Nevertheless, nursing information systems still fail to incorporate evidence-based clinical data models addressing the nursing focus “anxiety.” Thus, this study aimed to obtain consensus on the data to be included in a clinical data model addressing the nursing focus “anxiety,” its organization, and its interrelationships by using a brainstorming session and a modified e-Delphi technique with a panel of nurse experts from across Portugal. Eight experts participated in the brainstorming session. A total of 59 and 54 participants completed the survey in e-Delphi rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Consensus was achieved to all data presented to the participants, and these data were later included in the clinical data model. This evidence-based clinical data model, grounded on a nursing theory and with standardized nursing language, will substantially contribute to nursing documentation and, consequently, to nursing care targeted at patients with anxiety.
- A qualitative study exploring adolescents' perspective about mental health first aid training programmes promoted by nurses in upper secondary schoolsPublication . Costa, Tiago; Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio R.Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes are educational interventions that aim to disseminate basic first aid skills in the community. Adolescents in the context of their secondary school education are a particularly appropriate population for literacy promotion interventions. This study explores adolescents’ perspectives on Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes promoted by nurses in Portuguese upper secondary schools. A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 adolescents who participated voluntarily and with the consent of their parents. Data were analysed using content analysis. Fourteen themes were identified around three main areas: (i) Relevance of training programmes, (ii) Content of training programmes and (iii) Intervention methods of training programmes. The results obtained indicate that adolescents consider Mental Health First Aid Training Programmes in school relevant and necessary. Adolescents identified the content they deemed most appropriate and how it could be taught. These results can guide the development of training programmes. Nurses should take the lead in implementing these interventions in schools. Adolescents can take a more active role in mental health issues by improving their literacy.